LinuxSysAdminsDoc/Vim/readme.md

# VIM
## VIM Tutors notes

### Cool stuff
- :set nu => ajoute les numeros de lignes
- :set nonu => unset number
### Text editing
- i => Insert
- A => Append text to the end of the line
- diw => delete inner word
- dw => delete a word

### save and quit
- :wq save and quit
- !:q quit without saving

# Lesson 1 SUMMARY

  1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
         h (left)       j (down)       k (up)       l (right)

  2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type:  vim FILENAME <ENTER>

  3. To exit Vim type:     <ESC>   :q!   <ENTER>  to trash all changes.
             OR type:      <ESC>   :wq   <ENTER>  to save the changes.

  4. To delete the character at the cursor type:  x

  5. To insert or append text type:
         i   type inserted text   <ESC>         insert before the cursor
         A   type appended text   <ESC>         append after the line

NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
      an unwanted and partially completed command.

# Lesson 2 SUMMARY

  1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type:    dw
  2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:    d$
  3. To delete a whole line type:    dd

  4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:   2w
  5. The format for a change command is:
               operator   [number]   motion
     where:
       operator - is what to do, such as  d  for delete
       [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
       motion   - moves over the text to operate on, such as  w (word),
                  $ (to the end of line), etc.
       A short list of motions:
	 w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
   	 e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
   	 $ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.

  6. To move to the start of the line use a zero:  0

  7. To undo previous actions, type:           u  (lowercase u)
     To undo all the changes on a line, type:  U  (capital U)
     To undo the undo's, type:                 CTRL-R

## Lesson 3 SUMMARY

  1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type   p .  This puts the
     deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
     line below the cursor).

  2. To replace the character under the cursor, type   r   and then the
     character you want to have there.

  3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
     motion takes you.  eg. Type  ce  to change from the cursor to the end of
     the word,  c$  to change to the end of a line.

  4. The format for change is:

         c   [number]   motion

## Lesson 4 SUMMARY
 
   1. CTRL-G  displays your location in the file and the file status.
              G  moves to the end of the file.
      number  G  moves to that line number.
             gg  moves to the first line.
 
   2. Typing  /  followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
      Typing  ?  followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
      After a search type  n  to find the next occurrence in the same direction
      or  N  to search in the opposite direction.
      CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.
 
   3. Typing  %  while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
 
   4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type    :s/old/new
      To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type       :s/old/new/g
      To substitute phrases between two line #'s type       :#,#s/old/new/g
      To substitute all occurrences in the file type        :%s/old/new/g
      To ask for confirmation each time add 'c'             :%s/old/new/gc


To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines,
      type   :#,#s/old/new/g    where #,# are the line numbers of the range
                                of lines where the substitution is to be done.
      Type   :%s/old/new/g      to change every occurrence in the whole file.
      Type   :%s/old/new/gc     to find every occurrence in the whole file,

                               with a prompt whether to substitute or not.

## Lesson 5 SUMMARY


  1.  :!command  executes an external command.

      Some useful examples are:
         (Windows)        (Unix)
          :!dir            :!ls            -  shows a directory listing.
          :!del FILENAME   :!rm FILENAME   -  removes file FILENAME.

  2.  :w FILENAME  writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME.

  3.  v  motion  :w FILENAME  saves the Visually selected lines in file
      FILENAME.

  4.  :r FILENAME  retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the 
      cursor position.

  5.  :r !dir  reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the 
      cursor position.

## Lesson 6 SUMMARY

  1. Type  o  to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
     Type  O  to open a line ABOVE the cursor.

  2. Type  a  to insert text AFTER the cursor.
     Type  A  to insert text after the end of the line.

  3. The  e  command moves to the end of a word.

  4. The  y  operator yanks (copies) text,  p  puts (pastes) it.

  5. Typing a capital  R  enters Replace mode until  <ESC>  is pressed.

  6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx".  Some options are:
        'ic' 'ignorecase'       ignore upper/lower case when searching
        'is' 'incsearch'        show partial matches for a search phrase
        'hls' 'hlsearch'        highlight all matching phrases
     You can either use the long or the short option name.

  7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off:   :set noic


## Lesson 7 SUMMARY


  1. Type  :help  or press <F1> or <HELP>  to open a help window.

  2. Type  :help cmd  to find help on  cmd .

  3. Type  CTRL-W CTRL-W  to jump to another window.

  4. Type  :q  to close the help window.

  5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.

  6. When typing a  :  command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions.
     Press <TAB> to use one completion.