Adds more commands into basic_cmd.md
This commit is contained in:
parent
05c6c94851
commit
e3ee05e3d6
|
@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ If you see all these paths started from / directory which is a root directory fo
|
|||
Relative path is defined as path related to the present working directory(pwd). Suppose I am located in /var/log and I want to change directory to /var/log/kernel. I can use relative path concept to change directory to kernel
|
||||
|
||||
changing directory to /var/log/kernel by using relative path concept.
|
||||
|
||||
> $ pwd/var/logcd kernel
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ pwd/var/logcd kernel
|
||||
```
|
||||
Note: If you observe there is no / before kernel which indicates itâs a relative directory to present working directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Changing directory to /var/log/kernel using absolute path concept.
|
||||
|
||||
> $ cd /var/log/kernel
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cd /var/log/kernel
|
||||
```
|
||||
Note: We can use an absolute path from any location where as if you want to use relative path we should be present in a directory where we are going to specify relative to that present working directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Examples of relative path and absolute path for the same operation.
|
||||
|
@ -38,14 +38,18 @@ Examples of relative path and absolute path for the same operation.
|
|||
# Basic Linux Command
|
||||
|
||||
## help
|
||||
- Man: an interface to the on-line reference manuals
|
||||
> $ man ls
|
||||
|
||||
### Man: an interface to the on-line reference manuals
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ man ls
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Wildcard
|
||||
* Show all picture (multiple char)
|
||||
### \* Show all picture (multiple char)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
> $ ls pic*
|
||||
|
||||
? show only picture between 50 and 59 (only one char)
|
||||
### **?** show only picture between 50 and 59 (only one char)
|
||||
|
||||
> $ ls pic5?.jpg
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -78,56 +82,80 @@ back to previous folder
|
|||
|
||||
-p to create parent directory if needed
|
||||
|
||||
- Rmdir: Remove directory
|
||||
### Rmdir: Remove directory
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ rmdir filename
|
||||
|
||||
> rmdir filename
|
||||
|
||||
> rm -rf filename
|
||||
$ rm -rf filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Delete all of the files in the diectory including all subdirectories and tier contents
|
||||
> $ rm -r \* .\*
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ rm -r \* .\*
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Remove all files with the .doc extension recursively in the current working directory.
|
||||
> $ rm \*\*/\*.doc
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ rm \*\*/\*.doc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Mv: Move directory (can be used to rename a file)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ mv file /opt/movedfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Mv: Move directory (can be used to rename a file)
|
||||
> mv file /opt/movedfile
|
||||
### Cp: Copy file or directory
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cp file /opt/newcopiedfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Cp: Copy file or directory
|
||||
> $ cp file /opt/newcopiedfile
|
||||
### Touch: change file timestamps but it can also create files
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ touch nomdefichier.md
|
||||
|
||||
- Touch: change file timestamps but it can also create files
|
||||
> $ touch nomdefichier.md
|
||||
|
||||
> $ touch pic{00..99}.jpeg # does not work
|
||||
$ touch pic{00..99}.jpeg # does not work
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Which: Searching the PATH for executable files matching the names of the arguments
|
||||
> $ which ls
|
||||
|
||||
- File: file — determine file type
|
||||
> $ file myfile
|
||||
|
||||
### Which: Searching the PATH for executable files matching the names of the arguments
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ which ls
|
||||
```
|
||||
### File: file — determine file type
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ file myfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
## file viewer
|
||||
- More: file perusal filter for crt viewing
|
||||
|
||||
> $ more filename
|
||||
### More: file perusal filter for crt viewing
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ more filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Less: opposite of more but Less is more ;)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ less filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Cat: concatenate files and print on the standard output
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cat filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
### tail : output the last part of files
|
||||
|
||||
- Less: opposite of more but Less is more ;)
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ tail -n 5 Workspace/SysAdminTraining/LinuxSysAdminsDoc/Linux/basic_cmd.md
|
||||
- dhclient > get ip
|
||||
- gnome networkmanager
|
||||
- wpa_supplicant > encryption @ wifi
|
||||
|
||||
> $ less filename
|
||||
|
||||
- Cat: concatenate files and print on the standard output
|
||||
|
||||
> $ cat filename
|
||||
![htop](./img/htop.png)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Args -n define the number of line needed
|
||||
## Users
|
||||
|
||||
adduser, addgroup - add a user or group to the system
|
||||
> sudo adduser steve
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
r4v3n@d3bi4n:~/Workspace/test$ sudo adduser steve
|
||||
$ sudo adduser steve
|
||||
[sudo] password for r4v3n:
|
||||
Sorry, try again.
|
||||
[sudo] password for r4v3n:
|
||||
|
@ -258,15 +286,54 @@ marie steve
|
|||
|
||||
## Sysadmin tools
|
||||
|
||||
- How to create a symbolic link in Linux
|
||||
### & vs &&
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ apt update && upgrade
|
||||
# && launch both instance one after the other
|
||||
$ sleep 10 & htop
|
||||
& launch in background the sleep 10 process and open htop
|
||||
```
|
||||
### exit status
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ls thisnotexist
|
||||
ls: cannot access 'thisnotexist': No such file or directory
|
||||
$ echo $?
|
||||
2
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos Workspace
|
||||
$ echo $?
|
||||
0
|
||||
r4v3n@d3bi4n:~$
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Display Environement variables
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ env
|
||||
SHELL=/bin/bash
|
||||
XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Get users password hases:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ cat /etc/shadow | grep bash
|
||||
# get hashes
|
||||
$ sudo cat /etc/shadow | cut -d ":" -f2
|
||||
# get name
|
||||
$ sudo cat /etc/shadow | cut -d ":" -f1
|
||||
```
|
||||
### How to create a symbolic link in Linux
|
||||
To create a symbolic link to target file from link name,
|
||||
you can use the ln command with -s option like this:
|
||||
|
||||
> ln -s target_file link_name
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ln -s target_file link_name
|
||||
```
|
||||
### alias:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ alias ll="ls -l"
|
||||
```
|
||||
The -s option is important here. It determines that the link is soft link. If you don’t use it, it will create a hard link. I’ll explain the difference between soft links and hard links in a different article.
|
||||
|
||||
- Htop: Interactive processes viewer
|
||||
### Htop: Interactive processes viewer
|
||||
> $ htop
|
||||
|
||||
- Changer default shell
|
||||
|
@ -312,7 +379,7 @@ $ realpath example.txt
|
|||
|
||||
- Wget: The non-interactive network downloader
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ wget www.tandemlaw.be
|
||||
```
|
||||
- search url inside index.html
|
||||
|
@ -325,10 +392,10 @@ $ cat index.html | grep -o "https.*" |cut -d "\"" -f1 |sort | uniq
|
|||
- Nano: Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
|
||||
(simple text editor for noobies)
|
||||
|
||||
> $ nano
|
||||
|
||||
> $ nano filename
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ nano
|
||||
$ nano filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
- VIM: vim - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor (PGM)
|
||||
|
||||
> $ vim
|
||||
|
@ -336,42 +403,46 @@ $ cat index.html | grep -o "https.*" |cut -d "\"" -f1 |sort | uniq
|
|||
> $ vim filename
|
||||
|
||||
# APT
|
||||
> $ apt install
|
||||
> $ apt remove
|
||||
> $ apt autoremove
|
||||
> $ apt update
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ apt install
|
||||
$ apt remove
|
||||
$ apt autoremove
|
||||
$ apt update
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Display & Destop Manager
|
||||
|
||||
* Architecture:
|
||||
> BIOS -> GRUB -> Display Manager -> Desktop Environement
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
BIOS -> GRUB -> Display Manager -> Desktop Environement
|
||||
```
|
||||
* Install Desktop Environement (GUI)
|
||||
|
||||
> $ tasksel
|
||||
> $ apt install gnome
|
||||
> $ apt remove gnome
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ tasksel
|
||||
$ apt install gnome
|
||||
$ apt remove gnome
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* Reconfigurer le display manager
|
||||
> $ sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* Installer le display manager
|
||||
|
||||
> $ sudo apt install lightdm
|
||||
|
||||
> $ sudo apt install gdm3
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo apt install lightdm
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt install gdm3
|
||||
```
|
||||
* remove Desktop environement
|
||||
|
||||
> $ sudo apt remove lightdm
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ sudo apt remove lightdm
|
||||
```
|
||||
# Services
|
||||
- HTOP
|
||||
- dhclient > get ip
|
||||
- gnome networkmanager
|
||||
- wpa_supplicant > encryption @ wifi
|
||||
|
||||
# note : add HTOP picture (use f5)
|
||||
|
||||
![htop](./img/htop.png)
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue