# Git

![GitHub Logo](img/image.jpg)

## Usefull links
[Git Cheat Sheet](https://education.github.com/git-cheat-sheet-education.pdf)


## Git System
![Git System](img/Git_Guide.png)

## Remote Execution
![Remote Execution](img/Remote_execution.png)


## Basic commands
=================

### Initialize an existing directory as a Git repository
```bash
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/Admin/Documents/Git/.git/
``` 
### Show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit

```bash
$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        Readme.md
        image.jpg

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
```
### Add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)
```bash
$ git add Readme.md image.jpg 
```
### Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
```bash
$ git commit -m "First Commit"
[master (root-commit) 784ae2e] First Commit
 Committer: unknown <Admin@FOR209-03.irisib.lan>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:

    git config --global user.name "Your Name"
    git config --global user.email you@example.com

After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:

    git commit --amend --reset-author

 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Readme.md
 create mode 100644 image.jpg
```

### Set a name & email that is identifiable for credit when review version history
```bash
$ git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”

$ git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”
```

### Show all commits in the current branch’s history
```bash
$ git log
commit 784ae2e2d10720c23eb7cebdf8386ef2157fe628 (HEAD -> master)
Author: unknown <Admin@FOR209-03.irisib.lan>
Date:   Thu Apr 1 12:11:34 2021 +0200

    First Commit
```

## SHARE & UPDATE
### Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos
=================================

add a git URL as an alias

>git remote add [alias] [url]

fetch down all the branches from that Git remote

>git fetch [alias]

merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date
>git merge [alias]/[branch]


Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch

>git push [alias] [branch]

>git pull

fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch


## BRANCH & MERGE
### Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes

![Remote Execution](img/Branching.png)

>git branch

list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch

>git branch [branch-name]

create a new branch at the current commit

>git checkout

switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory

>git checkout -b|-B <new_branch> [<start point>]

Specifying -b causes a new branch to be created as if git-branch(1) were called and then checked out. 

If -B is given, <new_branch> is created if it doesn’t exist; otherwise, it is reset. This is the transactional equivalent of

>git merge [branch]

merge the specified branch’s history into the current one

>git log

show all commits in the current branch’s history

## TRACKING PATH CHANGES
### Versioning file removes and path changes
=================================

Delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit

>git rm [file]

Change an existing file path and stage the move

>git mv [existing-path] [new-path]

Show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved

>git log --stat -M


### History
```bash
history
    1  git init
    2  git status
    3  git add Readme.md image.jpg
    4  git status
    5  git commit -m "First Commit"
    6  git config --global user.name vl4dd
    7  git config --global user.email ticus@kraland.net
    8  git commit -m "First Commit"
    9  git status
   10  git log
   11  git commit -m "Second commit"
   12  git add Readme.md
   13  git commit -m "Second commit"
   14  git log
```

###
Checker le satus
> git status

Ajouter un element dans la branche
> git add Readme.md

Commit les changement
> git commit -m "First commit"

Show all commit
>git checkout

Merge 
>git merge

## Setup

### Configuring user information used across all local repositories

>git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”

set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history

>git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”

set an email address that will be associated with each history marker

>git config --global color.ui auto

set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing

### Saving your uncommitted work for a quick fix then getting it back

>git stash

temporarily stash your work since your last commit

>git stash pop

fetch your stashed work to continue it

$ git stash pop stash@{2}

in case you want to apply a specific Stash item (not the most recent one), you can provide the index name of that item in the "pop" option

### Rewriting history 

>git commit --amend -m "New commit message"

replace the last commit

>git commit --amend --no-edit

replace the last commit without changing the commit message

>git rebase -i {branch}

take the precedent commit and add it to your branch

### Ignoring files

>touch .gitignore && echo {what you want to ignore} >> .gitignore

create a file and specify what (extensions, directories, files) to ignore in it

>git rm --cached {fileignored}

remove from the tracking index a file that should be ignored but wasnt because already tracked when the ignore rule was created