"Which filesystem is used to store information about current running processes" ;"/environment" ;"/proc" ;"/etc" ;"/dev"
"What is the default directory for configuration information related to the modprobe command" ;"/etc/modprobe.conf" ;"/etc/modprobe" ;"/etc/modprobe.d" ;"/var/modprobe"
"Which of the following wall commands send the message "Please Log Off" to users in the operator group" ;"wall -g operator "Please Log Off"" ;"wall "Please Log Off"" ;"wall -operator "Please Log Off"" ;"echo "Please Log Off" | group operator"
"Which option to dmesg displays the time in local time" ;"-rel" ;"-e" ;"-f" ;"-t"
"Which process ID is typically associated with the init process" ;"0" ;"1" ;"5" ;"100"
"You have been troubleshooting a system issue that may be related to the driver in use for a PCI device in the system. Which command and option will display the PCI devices and the drivers being used for those devices?" ;"lsusb -v" ;"ls -pci" ;"lspci -k" ;"showpci"
"Which option to the telinit command will cause the operation to not send any notice to logged-on users" ;"-q" ;"-v" ;"--no-wall" ;"-l"
"Which file in the sysfs filesystem could you view in order to see the MAC address of eth0" ;"/sys/class/net/eth0/address" ;"/sys/devices/eth0" ;"/sysfs/devices/eth0" ;"/sys/net/eth0"
"When using systemctl to kill a process, what is the default signal sent to a process" ;"SIGKILL" ;"SIGTERM" ;"SIGINT" ;"SIGCALL"
"A newly added Serial ATA (SATA) disk is not showing up during the boot process. Where can you check to begin troubleshooting this issue" ;"Using system logging" ;"Using debugfs" ;"Within the fdisk utility" ;"Within the computer BIOS"
"Which command can be used to monitor communication taking place with dbus" ;"dbus-mon" ;"dbus -m" ;"dbus-monitor" ;"dbus-debug"
"Within a systemd environment, which service manages udev" ;"systemd-udevd.service" ;"systemd-udev.service" ;"udevd-service" ;"systemd.udevd-service"
"What is the correct syntax to indicate that the system should shut down at 8 p.m." ;"shutdown 20:00" ;"shutdown 8pm" ;"shutdown +20:00" ;"halt 20"
"Which option to the systemctl kill command will change the signal sent to the process to be killed" ;"-k" ;"-f" ;"-s" ;"-d"
"Which systemd command and option is equivalent to the chkconfig --list command in a SysVinit environment" ;"systemctl list-unit-files" ;"systemctl list-service" ;"systemctl --list" ;"systemctl list-unit-files --type=service"
"Which option to ldconfig is used to change the location of the cache to be updated" ;"-C" ;"-c" ;"--f" ;"-v"
"Which of the following commands will remove all files for a package in Debian, including configuration files" ;"apt-get remove" ;"apt-cache clean" ;"dpkg -P" ;"apt-get conf-remove"
"What is the prefix used to denote a Debian source repository in /etc/apt/sources.list" ;"deb" ;"source" ;"deb-src" ;"debsrc"
"Which options to rpm will upgrade a package while displaying progress and other additional information about the operation" ;"-Iv" ;"-Uvh" ;"-U" ;"-vh"
"Which option to a yum install command will cause yum to assume yes and therefore not prompt for verification when performing actions deemed critical" ;"-y" ;"-f" ;"-p" ;"-m"
"When working with a yum-based system, you need to create a configuration to ensure that certain packages are not upgraded or installed. Which option can you set in /etc/yum.conf to facilitate this behavior" ;"exclude" ;"noupdate" ;"assumeupdate" ;"clearupdate"
"You are having difficulty with shared libraries on the system. Which of the following commands will print the current directories and libraries in the cache" ;"ldconfig -C" ;"ldd -f" ;"ldconfig -p" ;"ldd -b"
"Which option within a .repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d/ is used to set the URL for the repository" ;"url" ;"repourl" ;"httpurl" ;"baseurl"
"Which command and option is used to display basic information about each available package and its dependencies on a Debian system" ;"apt-get list" ;"apt-cache dump" ;"apt-get list-all" ;"apt-cache list"
"When running the lsblk command, there is no separate partition listed for /boot. From which partition is the system likely booted" ;"There is a /boot directory under the / partition." ;"The /boot partition is hidden." ;"The system has not yet built the /boot partition." ;"The /boot partition does not show up with lsblk."
"Within which hierarchy is cached data stored for both yum- and apt-style systems" ;"/etc" ;"/var/cache" ;"/usr/lib" ;"/tmp"
"On a BIOS-based system, within which region of the disk is the boot loader typically installed" ;"MBR" ;"/boot" ;"Sector 8192" ;"Front"
"Which of the following best describes the contents of the / filesystem within Linux" ;"The / filesystem is the root filesystem and contains temporary files." ;"The / filesystem is root’s home directory." ;"The / filesystem is used for storage of device and swap information." ;"The / filesystem is the root filesystem and is the logical root of the hierarchy within Linux."
"Which of the following commands will send the output of the grub-mkconfig command to the correct location for booting" ;"grub-mkconfig --output=/boot/grub2/grub.cfg" ;"grub-mkconfig --file=/boot/grub2.menu" ;"grub-mkconfig --file=/boot/grub.lst" ;"grub-mkconfig --output=/boot/menu.lst"
"Which of the following commands writes an image called from the current directory called raspbian.img to the SD card mounted at /dev/sdc" ;"dd if=raspbian.img of=/dev/sdc bs=1M" ;"imgwrite raspbian.img > /dev/sdc" ;"imgw raspbian.img | cat /dev/sdc" ;"dd raspbian.img > /dev/sdc"
"When troubleshooting a problem, you look through .bash_history to determine commands that you’ve recently executed. However, the file does not contain information from your current session. Which command can you use to view the commands that have been executed during the current session?" ;"cmdhist" ;"cmds" ;"pwd" ;"history"
"Which option should be sent to grub-install if you want to install the boot images within a directory other than /boot" ;"--boot" ;"--image" ;"--boot-directory" ;"--b"
"Which command should be run in order to make changes take effect for a GRUB2 configuration change" ;"update-grub" ;"grub-update" ;"grub-config" ;"grub-ins"
"Which of the following commands will set the environment variable JAVA_PATH equal to /home/user/java2 when using the Bash shell" ;"invoke JAVA_PATH=/home/user/java2" ;"export JAVA_PATH=/home/user/java2" ;"envvar JAVA_PATH=/home/user/java2" ;"echo JAVA_PATH=/home/user/java2"
"Which option in the .bashrc sets the number of commands to keep in the .bash_history file" ;"HISTLIMIT" ;"HISTORYFILE" ;"HISTFILESIZE" ;"HISTNUM"
"Which of the following commands will cause nl to number all lines, including blank lines, for a file called code.php" ;"nl code.php" ;"nl -a code.php" ;"nl -n code.php" ;"nl -b a code.php"
"Which command can be used to create an octal representation of a given plaintext file" ;"oct" ;"cat" ;"list" ;"od"
"Which command and option can be used to format text with pagination in a double-space format, including page numbers" ;"pr -d" ;"pag -db" ;"cat -pd" ;"print -d"
"Of the following options for the tail command, which option outputs the last lines beginning at the 30th line from the start of the file rather than the end of the file" ;"-n +30" ;"-n 30" ;"-30" ;"+30"
"Which option to the uniq command causes the matching to be done in a case-insensitive manner" ;"-c" ;"-f" ;"-i" ;"-n"
"Which of the following commands prints the username and real name of all users in /etc/passwd in a tab-separated format" ;"cut -d: -f 1,6 /etc/passwd" ;"sed 's/://' /etc/passwd" ;"awk -F: '{print $1,$5}' OFS="\t" /etc/passwd" ;"cat -o "\t" /etc/passwd"
"Which option to cp will preserve symlinks in a recursive copy" ;"-f" ;"-d" ;"-a" ;"-b"
"Which of the following key combinations is a technique for moving to the 23rd line of a file in Vi" ;"23G" ;"/23" ;"i23" ;"ZZ"
"Which option to the top command changes the update interval" ;"-d" ;"-t" ;"-n" ;"-f"
"Which of the following commands will display the process ID, the real user ID, the filesystem access user ID, and command for processes on the system" ;"listproc -uf" ;"ps -eo pid,euser,fuser,comm" ;"ps -e pid,user,comm" ;"ps -fa"
"Which command can be used to search the contents of all files below your current location for files that contain the characters DB" ;"grep -r "DB" *" ;"grep -ri "DB" *" ;"cat * | less" ;"cat *.txt | grep DB"
"Which of the following commands will locate all files that begin with the name DB, starting from the current directory" ;"locate "DB*"" ;"find ./ -name "DB*"" ;"whereis "DB*"" ;"find "DB*""
"Which of the following files is the location used to gather information about load average for use in the uptime command" ;"/proc/uptime" ;"/proc/loadavg" ;"/proc/load" ;"/proc/utime"
"When running fsck on an EXT3 filesystem, which option to fsck causes the operation to prompt when attempting a repair action" ;"-y" ;"-f" ;"-a" ;"No option required"
"Which of the following files is updated dynamically with information about currently mounted filesystems" ;"/etc/fstab" ;"/etc/files" ;"/boot/fstab" ;"/etc/mtab"
"When running the df command, you need to change the scale so that the report shows terabytes instead of bytes. Which option will accomplish this task" ;"-ST" ;"-BT" ;"-j" ;"-T"
"What command can be used to create an image of important metadata for an ext3 filesystem" ;"e2image" ;"e3image" ;"dumpe2fs" ;"dumpe3fs"
"Which option to mke2fs is used to check for bad blocks during filesystem creation" ;"-a" ;"-b" ;"-c" ;"-d"
"Which of the following commands changes the ownership of the file called Class.java to the user steve and the group developers" ;"chgrp steve:developers Class.java" ;"chown steve.developers Class.java" ;"chown developers.steve Class.java" ;"chown Class.java steve.developers"
"When bootstrapping a virtual machine, which command can be used to add the fingerprint of a server to the known_hosts file" ;"ssh-keyscan" ;"ssh-keyadd" ;"ssh-keylist" ;"ssh-getkey"
"Which configuration option can be set within /etc/default/grub to affect the behavior of the system after a failed boot" ;"GRUB_RECOVER" ;"GRUB_NOFAIL" ;"GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT" ;"GRUB_RECOVER_TIMEOUT"
"Which options to du will print a summary of information in a human-readable format" ;"-sh" ;"-h" ;"-s" ;"-su"
"Which option to the find command causes it to follow symbolic links" ;"-S" ;"-H" ;"-P" ;"-L"
"Which option to the tee command enables appending to the destination files rather than overwriting" ;"-a" ;"-m" ;"-g" ;"-d"
"When creating a backup for a system, which directory should be included so that most configuration files will be backed up" ;"/var" ;"/opt" ;"/etc" ;"/bin"
"To which file should you add an entry in order for a host to be blocked using TCP wrappers" ;"/etc/hosts.deny" ;"/etc/tcp.wrappers" ;"/etc/wrap.config" ;"/etc/tcpwrap.conf"
"Which of the following commands creates an alias for the ps command such that the options auwx are included when the user types psa" ;"alias "ps auwx" = "psa"" ;"alias psa=ps uawx" ;"alias psa="ps auwx"" ;"psa="ps auwx""
"Which of the following conditionals in a Bash script will test if the variable DAY is equal to SUNDAY" ;"if ($DAY == "SUNDAY")" ;"if ($DAY -eq "SUNDAY")" ;"if [[ $DAY == "SUNDAY" ]]" ;"if [ DAY = "SUNDAY" ]"
"Which of the following commands is necessary for making a variable defined in your current shell available to child processes" ;"export" ;"source" ;"let" ;"def"
"You are watching another administrator perform some work on a server. As part of that work, the admin uses the following command: . variables.sh Which of the following is the equivalent of . variables.sh?" ;"let variables.sh" ;"set variables.sh" ;"source variables.sh" ;"var variables.sh"
"Which of the following commands adds ~/code/bin to the path" ;"PATH=~/code/bin:$PATH" ;"PATH=/code/bin:$PATH" ;"PATH=/home/code/bin:$PATH" ;"PATH=PATH:~/code/bin"
"Which of the following shows a valid Bash function called sayHello" ;"function sayHello () { echo "hello"; }" ;"function sayHello{}" ;"function sayHello() { echo Hello }" ;"function sayHello() { echo Hello } ;"
"Which of the following commands sends an email to root with the subject of Update and the content of the /etc/hostname file" ;"mail root > /etc/hostname" ;"mail -s Update root > /etc/hostname" ;"mail -s Update root < /etc/hostname" ;"mail root -s Update /etc/hostname"
"Files that should be copied to a user’s home directory when their account is created should be placed in which of the following directories" ;"/etc/usertemplate" ;"/etc/template" ;"/etc/skel" ;"/etc/userskel"
"Which of the following areas within an Ubuntu system contains information and settings for accessibility" ;"Accessibility" ;"Access and Help" ;"Universal Use" ;"Universal Access"
"Which command can be used to set the delay and repeat rate for a keyboard" ;"keyboard" ;"kbdrate" ;"kbd" ;"keyrate"
"Which variable is used to indicate the screen on which GUI applications will be shown" ;"DISPLAY" ;"SCREEN" ;"LIST" ;"XWIN"
"Users can be added or removed for access to the X server. Which command facilitates this" ;"xauthorization" ;"xhost" ;"xwin" ;"xconnect"
"Which option to useradd sets the number of days between password expiration and when the account is disabled" ;"-n" ;"-f" ;"-e" ;"-g"
"Which of the following commands displays the current mail aliases known on the server" ;"getent aliases" ;"getalias" ;"listalias" ;"mail aliases"
"Which of the following configuration lines in /etc/hosts.deny creates a deny-by-default policy where clients will need to be specifically allowed in /etc/hosts.allow" ;"*.*" ;"All: *" ;"ALL: ALL" ;"LOC: ALL"
"Which of the following describes the result of running the atq command as root" ;"The current cron and at jobs for root will be listed." ;"The current at jobs for all users will be listed." ;"The current cron and at jobs for all users will be listed." ;"The last 10 entries in the at log will be shown."
"Which command option can be used to remove all cron jobs for a given user using the crontab command" ;"-d" ;"-e" ;"-r" ;"-l"
"Which option to the crontab command enables you to work with a different user’s cron jobs" ;"-u" ;"-m" ;"-d" ;"-e"
"When deleting a user from the server, you need to maintain their home directory rather than deleting it. Which option of the following commands deletes the user <username> but preserves their home directory" ;"userdel <username>" ;"userdel -r <username>" ;"userdel -h <username>" ;"userdel -p <username>"
"After deleting a group, you need to search the filesystem for files owned by the group using its group ID. Which option to the find command will search using the group ID" ;"-name" ;"-group" ;"-groupid" ;"-gid"
"Which of the following commands changes the group name from admins to serveradmins" ;"groupmod -g admins serveradmins" ;"groupmod -n serveradmins admins" ;"groupchg -n serveradmins admins" ;"groupchg admins -n serveradmins"
"Which command is used to parse log file entries on a systemd-based system" ;"logger" ;"journalentry" ;"jrnctl" ;"journalctl"
"Which option to the ntpdate command configures the version to use such that an older Network Time Protocol (NTP) server could be queried" ;"-o" ;"-v" ;"-e" ;"-r"
"Within which directory are systemd journals stored by default" ;"/var/log/systemd" ;"/var/systemd/journal" ;"/var/log/journald" ;"/var/log/journal"
"Which option to the logrotate command specifies the mailer to use" ;"-o" ;"-s" ;"-m" ;"-v"
"Which option to date changes the output to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) regardless of the current time zone" ;"-u" ;"-t" ;"-s" ;"-v"
"Which of the following commands can be used to delete a print job on a system that uses the lp print system" ;"lpdel" ;"rmprint" ;"rm -print" ;"lprm"
"Which of the following subnet masks represents a /23" ;"255.255.255.0" ;"255.255.0.0" ;"255.255.255.255" ;"255.255.254.0"
"An entry in /etc/nsswitch.conf indicates hosts: files dns. In which order will /etc/hosts be queried for a hostname lookup" ;"The /etc/hosts file will be examined first." ;"The /etc/hosts file is not related to hostname lookup." ;"The /etc/hosts file will be queried second." ;"The /etc/hosts file will be queried last."
"Which port needs to be allowed through the firewall for standard Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic to be received by the server" ;"TCP port 25" ;"TCP port 443" ;"TCP port 143" ;"TCP port 389"
"Which option to ssh changes the username to use for logging in to the server" ;"-v" ;"-i" ;"-l" ;"-u"
"Which option to ping disables name resolution" ;"-d" ;"-D" ;"-f" ;"-n"
"Which of the following commands shows various statistics for a network interface such as packets and bytes received and transmitted along with errors and other such conditions" ;"ifconfig" ;"ifstat" ;"if -s" ;"ifcond"
"When using the host command, which option displays the Start of Authority (SOA) record from each of the authoritative DNS name servers for the given domain" ;"-N" ;"-n" ;"-C" ;"-a"
"You need to specify an additional localhost address and hostname for a server in order to support a specialized network configuration. Which line in /etc/hosts sets the hostname with a unique IP address in the correct range for localhost" ;"127.0.1.1 host.example.com host" ;"192.168.0.1 host.example.com host" ;"host.example.com 127.0.0.1" ;"host.example.com 172.16.31.32"
"Which of the following options to ifup tells the command to ignore errors and continue" ;"--continue" ;"--C" ;"--ignore-errors" ;"-h"
"Which option to passwd can be used to unlock an account that was locked with the passwd command" ;"-S" ;"-l" ;"-u" ;"-w"
"Which of the following is the correct syntax to connect using ssh to host.example.com on port 2200" ;"ssh -l 2200 host.example.com" ;"ssh host;example.com" ;"ssh host.example.com:2200" ;"ssh host:2200 -d example.com"
"Which option in /etc/sudoers sets the destination address for administrative and security emails related to sudo" ;"mail" ;"mailto" ;"secmail" ;"adminmail"
"Which of the following commands displays a listing of who is logged in to the server along with the date and time that they logged in" ;"whois" ;"who" ;"loggedin" ;"curusers"
"Which port should be allowed through a firewall for NTP communication" ;"Port 139" ;"Port 161" ;"Port 123" ;"Port 194"
"Which option to nmap causes it to scan using UDP" ;"-sT" ;"-sS" ;"-sP" ;"-sU"
"Which of the following options to lsof searches an entire directory tree for open instances of files or directories" ;"-d" ;"+D" ;"-f" ;"-i"
"Which option to the ip command displays DNS names rather than merely IP addresses" ;"-n" ;"-f" ;"-r" ;"-a"
"Which of the following commands and options enables you to examine timing related to listening sockets" ;"ss -o" ;"netstat -rn" ;"ping -f" ;"ls -l"
"Which of the following IP address and subnet mask pairs represents a private network in a /24 size" ;"192.168.3.0/255.255.255.128" ;"172.16.19.128/255.255.0.0" ;"192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0" ;"10.168.1.0/0.0.0.255"
"When viewing the results of a traceroute, you see !H. To what does !H refer" ;"Network unreachable" ;"Host available" ;"Host unreachable" ;"High length"
"On which port does the ping command operate for Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo requests" ;"53" ;"1337" ;"33433" ;"No port is used for ICMP."
"When using netstat -a, which file is consulted for the port number to name translation" ;"/etc/portnum" ;"/etc/services" ;"/etc/portnames" ;"/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ports"
"Which of the following commands launches Orca with speech capabilities" ;"orca --no-setup --disable main-window" ;"orca --screen" ;"orca --screen-reader" ;"orca --no-setup -s"
"Which of the following locations stores the configuration for LightDM" ;"/etc/lightdm/" ;"/etc/lightdm.conf" ;"/etc/lightdm-conf" ;"/etc/lightdm.d"
"Which of the following commands displays statistics and information about windows in X windows" ;"xinfo" ;"xstats" ;"xwin" ;"xwininfo"
"Which of the following commands can be used to set the time zone on a Debian system" ;"tzconfig" ;"/etc/timeconfig" ;"timeconfig" ;"timecfg"
"Which of the following commands displays the available character maps" ;"charmap" ;"charmap -l" ;"locale -m" ;"mapinfo"
"Within which directory hierarchy will you find information regarding the available time zones on the server" ;"/usr/zoneinfo" ;"/usr/share/zoneinfo" ;"/etc/zoneinfo" ;"/etc/tz.conf.d"
"The driftfile, as specified in /etc/ntp.conf on a Red Hat system, is stored in which location by default" ;"/var/lib/ntp/drift" ;"/var/ntp/drift" ;"/usr/share/ntpdrift" ;"/usr/share/lib/ntpdrift"
"Which character combination sets the body of the message to STDIN when using the mail command" ;"<" ;">" ;"<<<" ;"|"
"Which of the following commands deletes a group from a CentOS Linux system" ;"groupdm" ;"grouprm" ;"groupdel" ;"delgroup"
"Which of the following syslog facilities captures messages from the lp printing facility" ;"auth" ;"messages" ;"lpr" ;"root"
