"LEVEL","ANSWER","QUESTION",1,2,3,4,5
"010-160",,"Which of the following is **not** a function of the Linux kernel?","Allocating memory for use by programs","Allocating CPU time for use by programs","Creating menus in GUI programs","Controlling access to the hard disk","Enabling programs to use a network"
"010-160",,"Which of the following is an example of an embedded Linux OS?","Android","SUSE","CentOS","Debian","Fedora"
"010-160",,"Which of the following is a notable difference between Linux and Mac OS X? ","Linux can run common GNU programs whereas OS X cannot.","Linux's GUI is based on the X Window System whereas OS X's is not.","Linux cannot run on Apple Macintosh hardware whereas OS X can run only on Apple hardware.","Linux relies heavily on BSD software whereas OS X uses no BSD software.","Linux supports text-mode commands but OS X is a GUI-only OS."
"010-160",2,"True or false: The Linux kernel is derived from the BSD kernel.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: If you log into a Linux system in graphical mode you cannot use text-mode commands in that session.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: CentOS is a Linux distribution with a long release cycle.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"What type of multitasking does Linux use?","Preemptive","Multi-user","Co-operative","Single-tasking","Single-user"
"010-160",,"Which of the following is a characteristic of all open source software?","The software cannot be sold for a profit; it must be distributed free of charge.","It must be distributed with both source code and binaries.","Users are permitted to redistribute altered versions of the original software.","The software was originally written at a college or university.","The software must be written in an interpreted language that requires no compilation."
"010-160",4,"Which of the following programs is **most** likely to be installed and regularly used on a desktop computer that runs Linux?","Apache","Postfix","Android","Evolution","BIND"
"010-160",,"True or false: VMS was a common OS on x86 PCs at the time Linux was created.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: Some DVRs run Linux.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: A Linux computer being used as a server generally does not require X.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"Which of the following is **not** required in order for software to be certified as open source?","The license must not discriminate against people or groups of people.","The license must not require that the software be distributed as part of a specific product.","The license must require that changes be distributed under the same license.","The program must come with source code or the author must make it readily available on the Internet.","The license must automatically apply to anybody who acquires the software."
"010-160",,"Which is true of Linux distributions as a whole? ","They're covered by the GPL or the BSD license depending on the distribution.","Sometimes they may not be copied because of non-open source software they may contain.","They may be copied only after software using the MIT license is removed.","They all completely conform to the principles of the open source movement.","They all qualify as free software as the FSF uses the term."
"010-160",,"Which of the following is a key part of the FSF's philosophy?","Developers should use the latest version of the FSF's GPL.","Users should have the right to modify free software and distribute it under a commercial license.","Developers should write software only for free operating systems such as GNU/Linux.","Users should engage in civil disobedience by copying proprietary software.","Users must have the right to use software as they see fit."
"010-160",,"True or false: Copyright law governs the distribution of software in most countries.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: The FSF's free software definition and the OSI's ten principles of open source software both require that users have the ability to examine a program's workings---that is its source code.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: Because their hardware designs are proprietary, hardware vendors cannot release open source drivers for their products.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"Which of the following are Linux desktop environments? (Select all that apply.)","GTK+","GNOME","KDE","Evolution","Xfce"
"010-160",,"If you want to enable one Linux computer to access files stored on another Linux computer's hard disk which of the following network protocols is the *best* choice?","SMTP","NFS","PHP","DNS","DHCP"
"010-160",3,"In which of the following languages was most of the Linux kernel written?","Bash shell script","Java","C","C++","Perl"
"010-160",1,"True or false: OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice are very similar office suites.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: Servers can be disrupted by malicious outsiders even if the computer that runs them is never broken into.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: Python is generally implemented as an interpreted language.","True","False",,,
"010-160",4,"Which of the following commands provides the most information about your motherboard's features?","`lscpu`","`Xorg -configure`","`fdisk -l /dev/sda`","`lspci`","`http://localhost:631`"
"010-160",,"Why might you want to partition a hard disk? (Select all that apply.)","To install more than one OS on the disk","To use ext4fs rather than ReiserFS","To turn a PATA disk into an SATA disk","To separate filesystem data from swap space","To separate the disk's cache from its main data"
"010-160",1,"Which of the following devices is *not* commonly attached via USB?","Video monitors","Keyboards","External hard disks","Printers","Scanners"
"010-160",1,"True or false: An EM64T CPU is capable of running a Linux distribution identified as being for the AMD64 CPU.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: UDF is a good filesystem to use for a Linux installation on a hard disk.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: The Linux kernel includes drivers for various disk controllers, network adapters and USB interfaces among other things.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"What keystroke moves the cursor to the start of the line when typing a command in Bash?","Ctrl+A","Left arrow","Ctrl+T","Up arrow","Ctrl+E"
"010-160",,"How can you run a program in the background when launching it from a shell? (Select all that apply.)","Launch the program by typing `start command` where `command` is the command you want to run.","Launch the program by typing `bg command` where `command` is the command you want to run.","Append an ampersand `&` to the end of the command line.","Launch the program normally then type Ctrl+Z in the shell and then type `bg` in the shell.","Launch the program normally and type Ctrl+Z in the shell then type `fg` in the shell."
"010-160",5,"Which of the following commands; typed at a Bash prompt; returns you to your home directory?","`home`","`cd /home`","`cd homedir`","`homedir`","`cd ~`"
"010-160",2,"True or false: The Alt+F2 keystroke, typed in X, brings up a text-mode display you can use to log into Linux.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: The filename `..\upone.txt` refers to the file `upone.txt` in the parent of the current directory.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: The `-r` option to `ls` creates a recursive directory listing.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"Which of the following commands would you type to rename `newfile.txt` to `afile.txt`?","`mv newfile.txt afile.txt`","`cp newfile.txt afile.txt`","`ln newfile.txt afile.txt`","`rn newfile.txt afile.txt`","`touch newfile.txt afile.txt`"
"010-160",,"You type `mkdir one/two/three` and receive an error message that reads which reads in part `No such file or directory`. What can you do to overcome this problem? (Select all that apply.)","Add the `--parents` parameter to the `mkdir` command.","Issue three separate `mkdir` commands: `mkdir one` then `mkdir one/two` and then `mkdir one/two/three`.","Type `touch /bin/mkdir` to be sure the `mkdir` program file exists.","Type `rmdir one` to clear away the interfering base of the desired new directory tree.","Type `rm -r one` to clear away the entire interfering directory tree."
"010-160",1,"True or false: You can create a symbolic link from one low-level filesystem to another.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: You can easily damage your Linux installation by mistyping an `rm` command when you log into your regular account.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: You can set a directory's time stamps with the `touch` command.","True","False",,,
"010-160",4,"Which of the following commands is an improved version of `more`?","`grep`","`html`","`cat`","`less`","`man`"
"010-160",,"Which of the following statements is a fair comparison of `man` pages to HOWTO documents?","`man` pages require Internet access to read; HOWTOs do not.","`man` pages are a type of printed documentation; HOWTOs are electronic.","`man` pages describe software from a user's point of view; HOWTOs are programmers' documents.","`man` pages are brief reference documents; HOWTOs are more tutorial in nature.","`man` pages use a hyperlinked format whereas HOWTOs do not."
"010-160",,"A user types `whatis less`. What type of output can be expected?","A short one-paragraph description of the purpose of the `less` command","The complete path to the `less` command in the Linux filesystem","Summary information from `man` pages whose Name sections mention `less`","The complete `man` page for `less` which you would then scroll through with your terminal","The URLs for Web sites with information on the `less` command"
"010-160",1,"True or false: You can force `man` to display a `man` page in a specific section of the manual by preceding the search name with the section number, as in `man 5 passwd`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: `info` pages are a Web-based documentation format.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: Linux documentation in the `/usr/share/doc` directory tree is almost always in OpenDocument Text format.","True","False",,,
"010-160",5,"Which of the following tools is best suited to installing a software package and all its dependencies on a Debian computer?","`yum`","`zypper`","`dmesg`","`rpm`","`apt-get`"
"010-160",1,"What is the usual name of the first process that the Linux kernel runs aside from itself?","`init`","`bash`","`cron`","`login`","`grub`"
"010-160",1,"Where do most log files reside on a Linux computer?","`/var/log`","`/etc/logging`","`/usr/log`","`/home/logging`","`/log/usr`"
"010-160",1,"True or false: When using suitable commands you can normally install a program and be sure that all the software on which it depends will also be installed provided you have an Internet connection.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: By default the first process listed in `top` is currently consuming the most CPU time.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: The `dmesg` command may produce different output after a computer has been running for weeks than when it first started.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"Which of the following commands will print lines from the file `world.txt` that contain matches to `changes`and `changed`?","`grep change[ds] world.txt`","`tar change[d-s] world.txt`","`find ""change'd|s'"" world.txt`","`cat world.txt changes changed`","`find change[^ds] world.txt`"
"010-160",5,"Which of the following redirection operators appends a program's standard output to an existing file without overwriting that file's original contents?","`|`","`2>`","`&>`","`>`","`>>`"
"010-160",,"You've received a tarball called `data79.tar` from a colleague but you want to check the names of the files it contains before extracting them. Which of the following commands would you use to do this?","`tar uvf data79.tar`","`tar cvf data79.tar`","`tar xvf data79.tar`","`tar tvf data79.tar`","`tar Avf data79.tar`"
"010-160",1,"True or false: The regular expression `Linu[^x].*lds` matches the string `Linus Torvalds`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: The `find` command enables you to locate files based on their sizes.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: To compress files archived with `zip` you must use an external compression program such as `gzip` or `bzip2` in a pipeline with `zip`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",4,"Which type of file is `nano` *least* likely to be useful for examining or editing?","A `/var/log/messages` log file","An HTML Web page file","An e-mail message saved from an e-mail client","A LibreOffice word processing document","An `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` configuration file"
"010-160",,"Which keystrokes invoke the `pico` or `nano` search function? (Select all that apply.)","F3","F6","Esc-S","Ctrl+F","Ctrl+W"
"010-160",1,"How would you remove two lines of text from a file using Vi?","In command mode position the cursor on the first line and type `2dd`.","In command mode position the cursor on the last line and type `2yy`.","In insert mode position the cursor at the start of the first line. Hold down the Shift key while pressing the Down arrow key twice and press the Delete key on the keyboard.","In insert mode position the cursor at the start of the first line and press Ctrl+K twice.","Select the text with the mouse and then select File ⇒ Delete from the menu."
"010-160",2,"True or false: Unicode is useful for encoding most European languages but not Asian languages.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: GUI text editors for ASCII are superior to text-mode ASCII text editors because the GUI editors support underlining and italics and multiple fonts.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: Many (but not all) configuration files use a hash mark `#` to identify comment lines.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"After using a text editor to create a shell script what step should you take before trying to use the script by typing its name?","Set one or more executable bits using `chmod`.","Copy the script to the `/usr/bin/scripts` directory.","Compile the script by typing `bash scriptname` where `scriptname` is the script's name.","Run a virus checker on the script to be sure it contains no viruses.","Run a spell checker on the script to ensure it contains no bugs."
"010-160",3,"What is the purpose of conditional expressions in shell scripts?","They prevent scripts from executing if license conditions aren't met.","They display information about the script's computer environment.","They enable the script to take different actions in response to variable data.","They enable scripts to learn in a manner reminiscent of Pavlovian conditioning.","They cause scripts to run only at specified times of day."
"010-160",,"True or false: A user types `myscript laser.txt` to run a script called `myscript`. Within `myscript` the `$0` variable holds the value `laser.txt`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: Valid looping statements in Bash include `for`, `while` and `until`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"What is the purpose of the system account with a UID of 0?","It's the system administration account.","It's the account for the first ordinary user.","Nothing. UID 0 is left intentionally undefined.","It varies from one distribution to another.","It's a low-privilege account that's used as a default by some servers."
"010-160",,"What type of information will you find in `/etc/passwd` for ordinary user accounts? (Select all that apply.)","A user ID (UID) number","A complete listing of every group to which the user belongs","The path to the account's home directory","The path to the account's default GUI desktop environment","The path to the account's default text-mode shell"
"010-160",1,"You want to run the command `iptables -L` as `root` but you're logged in as an ordinary user. Which of the following commands will do the job assuming the system is configured to give you `root` access via the appropriate command?","`sudo iptables -L`","`root iptables -L`","`passwd iptables -L`","`su iptables -L`","`admin iptables -L`"
"010-160",2,"True or false: `whoami` provides more information than `id`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: Linux stores information on its groups in the `/etc/groups` file.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: As a general rule you should employ extra care when running programs as `root`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"What would a Linux system administrator type to remove the `nemo` account and its home directory","`userdel nemo`","`userdel -f nemo`","`userdel -r nemo`","`rm /home/nemo`","`rm -r /home/nemo`"
"010-160",2,"Of the following, which is the *best* password? ","`LinusTorvalds`","`uB2op%4q****************`","`123456`","`password`","`peanutbuttersandwich`"
"010-160",1,"Describe the effect of the following command assuming it completes successfully: `groupadd henry`","It creates a new group called `henry`.","It adds the user `henry` to the current default group.","It imports group information from the file called `henry`.","It changes the user's default group to `henry`.","It adds the group `henry` to the user's list of groups."
"010-160",1,"True or false: User accounts have higher UID numbers than do system accounts.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: Command-line users should normally use `usermod` to change their passwords.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: After deleting an account the files formerly owned by the deleted account may remain on the computer.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"What command would you type (as `root`) to change the ownership of `somefile.txt` from `ralph` to `tony`? ","`chown ralph:tony somefile.txt`","`chmod somefile.txt tony`","`chown somefile.txt tony`","`chown tony somefile.txt`","`chmod tony somefile.txt`"
"010-160",,"Typing `ls -ld wonderjaye` reveals a symbolic file mode of `drwxr-xr-x`. Which of the following are true? (Select all that apply.) ","`wonderjaye` is a symbolic link.","`wonderjaye` is an executable program.","`wonderjaye` is a directory.","`wonderjaye` may be read by all users of the system.","`wonderjaye` may be written by any member of the file's group."
"010-160",4,"Which of the following commands can you use to change a file's group?","`groupmod`","`chmod`","`ls`","`chown`",
"010-160",1,"True or false: A file with permissions of 755 can be read by any user on the computer, assuming all users can read the directory in which it resides.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: Only `root` may use the `chmod` command.","True","False",,,
"010-160",1,"True or false: Only `root` may change a file's ownership with `chown`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",4,"What types of files are you likely to find in `/usr/lib` according to the FHS? ","Liberty files","Liberated files","Libra files","Library files","Liberal files"
"010-160",1,"You want to discover the sizes of several dot files in a directory. Which of the following commands might you use to do this?","`ls -la`","`ls -p`","`ls -R`","`ls -d`","`ls -ld`"
"010-160",3,"When should programs be configured SUID `root`?","At all times; this permission is required for executable programs.","Whenever a program should be able to access a device file.","Only when they require `root` privileges to do their job.","Whenever the program must be able to access an account's user ID (UID) number.","Never; this permission is a severe security risk."
"010-160",1,"True or false: Print spool files are stored in a subdirectory of `/var`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: On a properly configured Linux system any user can delete any file from `/tmp`.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: If you hide a file in Linux by making it a dot file, you must change any existing references to that file in configuration files if those references are to continue working.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"You want to set up a computer on a local network via a static TCP/IP configuration,  but you lack a gateway address. Which of the following is true? ","Because the gateway address is necessary no TCP/IP networking functions will work.","TCP/IP networking will function but you'll be unable to convert hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa.","You'll be able to communicate with machines on your local network segment but not with other systems.","The computer won't be able to tell which other computers are local and which are remote.","You'll be able to use the computer as a network server system but not as a network client."
"010-160",,"Which of the following types of information are returned by typing `ifconfig eth0`? (Select all that apply.)","The names of programs that are using `eth0`","The IP address assigned to `eth0`","The hardware address of `eth0`","The hostname associated with `eth0`","The gateway with which `eth0` communicates"
"010-160",,"The `ping` utility responds normally when you use it with an IP address but not when you use it with a hostname that you're positive corresponds to this IP address. What might cause this problem? (Select all that apply.)","The route between your computer and its DNS server may be incorrect.","The target computer may be configured to ignore packets from `ping`.","The DNS configuration on the target system may be broken.","Your computer's hostname may be set incorrectly.","Your computer's DNS configuration may be broken."
"010-160",,"True or false: IPv4 addresses are four bytes in length.","True","False",,,
"010-160",2,"True or false: The `/etc/resolv.conf` file tells the computer whether to use DHCP for its network configuration.","True","False",,,
"010-160",,"True or false: You can check the current status of your routing table by typing `route` at a shell prompt.","True","False",,,