"Which of the following best describes the PS1 environment variable?" ;"PS1 is used to set the location of the PostScript command." ;"PS1 is used to define the default shell prompt for bash." ;"PS1 is used as a per-system variable." ;"PS1 is user-defined and does not have a default value or setting."
"Which command is used to read and execute commands from a file in the Bash shell?" ;"run" ;"execute" ;"source" ;"func"
"You need a command to be executed on logout for all users. Within which file should this be placed (assuming all users are using Bash)?" ;"∼/.bash_logout" ;"/etc/bash.bash_logout" ;"/home/.bash_logout" ;"/etc/bash_logout"
"Which of the following commands removes an environment variable that has been set?" ;"profile --unset" ;"env -u" ;"set -u" ;"import"
"Which option to the unset command explicitly informs the command that the name given refers to a shell variable and not a function?" ;"-a" ;"-s" ;"-v" ;"-e"
"Which of the following commands ensures that the -la options are used when the ls command is executed without other options?" ;"alias ls="ls -la" ;"ln -s ls ls -la" ;"alias "ls -la" = ls" ;"set ls"
"What is the order in which user configuration files are located on login to a Bash shell?" ;".bash_login, .profile, /etc/profile" ;".bash_profile, .bash_login, .profile" ;".profile, .bash_login, .bash_profile" ;".bash_login, .bash_profile, .profile"
"Which variable within a Bash script is used to access the first command-line parameter?" ;"$ARG" ;"$CMD" ;"$1" ;"$ARG0"
"Which of the following provides the end for an if conditional in a Bash script?" ;"ex" ;"}" ;"]" ;"fi"
"Which of the following commands will print a list of 6 numbers beginning at 0 within a Bash script?" ;"list 0-5" ;"seq 0 1 5" ;"echo 0-5" ;"seq 0 1 6"
"When creating a shell script, which of the following commands is used to display the contents of variables?" ;"var_dump" ;"echo" ;"ls" ;"env"
"A command has the following listing obtained with ls -la: -rwsr-xr-x 1 suehring suehring 21 Nov 2 13:53 script.sh What does the s denote within the user permissions in the listing?" ;"The suid bit has been set for this program." ;"This is a symlink." ;"The file will not be executable." ;"The file is a special system file."
"Which of the following commands will execute a script and then exit the shell?" ;"run" ;"source" ;"./" ;"exec"
"Which sequence of characters will execute two commands but only if the first command exits successfully?" ;"--" ;"&*" ;"&&" ;"&"
"Which command within a shell script awaits user input and places that input into a variable?" ;"exec" ;"get" ;"read" ;"prompt"
"What characters are used to mark a sequence of commands as a function in a Bash script?" ;"Parentheses to declare the function (optional) and curly braces to contain the commands" ;"Curly braces to declare the function and parentheses to contain the commands" ;"Square brackets to declare the function and curly braces to contain the commands" ;"Runquotes to denote the function"
"Which character sequences denote an alternate command to execute if the preceding command does not exit successfully?" ;"&&" ;"--" ;"||" ;"EL"
"Which keyword(s) is/are used to begin an alternate condition within a Bash script?" ;"if" ;"else if" ;"elif" ;"elsif"
"Which of the following commands removes a currently defined aliased command?" ;"remove" ;"rm" ;"unalias" ;"delete"
"When sourcing a file in Bash, which chmod command would be necessary to provide the minimum privileges in order for the file to be sourced correctly, assuming that your current user owns the file?" ;"chmod 600" ;"chmod 755" ;"chmod 777" ;"chmod 400"
"Assuming that a space-separated list of values has been defined as LIST="one two three four", which of the following for loop constructs will iterate through the elements in the list?" ;"for LIST" ;"for VAR in LIST" ;"for VAR in $LIST" ;"for $LIST -> $VAR"
"Which test within a shell script while loop will examine one value to see if it is less than another?" ;"-less" ;"-lessThan" ;"-lt" ;"-lthan"
"Which of the following tests will determine if a file exists in the context of a shell script?" ;"-a" ;"-e" ;"-m" ;"-i"
"Within which directory should you place files to have them automatically copied to a user’s home directory when the user is created?" ;"/etc/userhome" ;"/etc/templateuser" ;"/etc/skel" ;"/home/skel"
"Which option to bash will cause the shell to be executed without reading the initialization files?" ;"--no-rc" ;"--no-init" ;"--norc" ;"--rc-none"
"Which of the following creates an array in a Bash script?" ;"ARRAY=(val1 val2)" ;"ARRAY = "val1 val2"" ;"ARRAY_PUSH($ARRAY,"val1","val2");" ;"ARRAY{0} = "val1""
"Which option of declare displays output in a way that could then be used as input to another command?" ;"-o" ;"-n" ;"-p" ;"-m"
"You need to create a function that will be available each time that you log in to the system.  Within which file should this function be placed?" ;".bash_profile" ;".rc" ;"/etc/profile" ;".bash_run"
"Which shell built-in command is used to display a list of read-only variables?" ;"ro" ;"readonly" ;"env-ro" ;"ro-env"
"Which characters are used to denote the beginning and end of the test portion of a while loop in a shell script?" ;"Parentheses (       )" ;"Curly braces {    }" ;"Square brackets [         ]" ;"Double-quotes "
"When using the test built-in with one argument, what will be returned if its argument is not null?" ;"false" ;"true" ;"unknown" ;"-1"
"Which environment variable is used when changing directory with the tilde character, such as cd ∼ ?" ;"HOMEDIR" ;"HOMEPATH" ;"HOME" ;"MAILPATH"
"Which environment variable can be set if you want to automatically log users out of their shell after a certain period of inactivity?" ;"TIMEOUT" ;"TMOUT" ;"TO" ;"IDLETIME"
"When using a case statement within a shell script, which sequence denotes the ending of the case/switch statement?" ;"caseend" ;"esac" ;"endcase" ;"}"
"Which of the following commands will obtain the date in seconds since the epoch and place it into a variable called DATE within a shell script?" ;"DATE="$(date +%s)"" ;"DATE="date"" ;"DATE="$(date)";" ;"DATE="$date %s""
"Assume that you have a variable called $FILEPATH within a Bash shell script. Which characters can be used to ensure that the variable will be interpolated correctly regardless of where the variable appears within the script?" ;"Dollar sign: $FILEPATH" ;"Curly braces: ${FILEPATH}" ;"Parentheses: $(FILEPATH)" ;"Square brackets: $[FILEPATH]"
"Which sequence is used to mark the beginning and end of the commands to execute within a for loop in a shell script?" ;"Curly braces: {        }" ;"The keywords do and done" ;"Semicolons: ;" ;"Tabs"
"Which of the following tests will determine if a file exists and can be read by the user executing the test?" ;"-e" ;"-m" ;"-a" ;"-r"
"Which option of the declare command will create a variable that is read-only?" ;"-r" ;"-ro" ;"-p" ;"-x"
"Which character sequence is used to provide a default case when used within a case statement in a shell script?" ;"default:" ;"=)" ;"-->" ;"*)"
"Which character sequence can be used for command substitution in Bash?" ;"Backquotes: ` `" ;"Single quotes: ‘ '" ;"Double quotes: """ ;"Backslashes: \\"
"When using a while loop in Bash, which character sequence marks the end of the loop?" ;"elihw" ;"done" ;"end" ;"od"
"Which operator is used to test if a value is greater than or equal to something in a Bash script?" ;"!=" ;">=" ;"=>" ;">>"
"You are working with a shell script called listusers and the script does not execute with the error "permission denied". What could be the possible cause of this issue?" ;"The script should have an .sh extension." ;"The script contains a syntax error." ;"The script does not have its execute permission set correctly." ;"The script is named with lowercase letters."
"Which option to the export built-in command makes names available as functions to child processes?" ;"-m" ;"-e" ;"-w" ;"-f"
"If a variable has been created using the set command, which command can be used to remove the variable?" ;"remove" ;"del" ;"delete" ;"unset"
"Which of the following files is a systemwide initialization script for Bash?" ;"/etc/bash.bashrc" ;"/etc/bash.init" ;"/etc/bash.cfg" ;"/etc/bash/bash.init"
"Which option to the set command enables debugging output?" ;"-d" ;"+d" ;"-x" ;"+x"
"Which of the following files is executed with every interactive Bash shell invocation?" ;"/etc/bash.d" ;"/etc/bash.interactive" ;"∼/.bash_inter" ;"∼/.bashrc"
"Which keyword declares a block of code to be a function in a Bash script?" ;"function" ;"repeat" ;"func" ;"block"
"Which of the following statements adds the /srv/bin path to the path for a Bash shell?" ;"PATH=/srv/bin" ;"PATH=$PATH:/srv/bin" ;"PATH = /srv/bin" ;"PATH=/srv/bin;$PATH"
"Which variable is available to a Bash script and contains the name of the script itself?" ;"$SCR" ;"$SCRIPT" ;"$CMD" ;"$0"
"Which option to the seq command sets a delimiter of a space between the numbers 1 through 5?" ;"seq -s ' ' 1 5" ;"seq -d ' ' 1 5" ;"seq 1 5" ;"seq -m 1 5"
"Which file test is used to determine if you are the owner of the file being tested?" ;"-m" ;"-k" ;"-w" ;"-O"
"When testing a return value in a Bash script, which exit code indicates success?" ;"0" ;"1" ;"2" ;"C"
"You have created a README file and placed it into /etc/skel so that users get the file in their home directories. The file is missing from some home directories on the system. Which of the following best explains this scenario?" ;"The file is not copied automatically for existing users." ;"The file is too big for a user’s home directory." ;"The file already exists." ;"The file needs a file extension."
"You have a Bash script that uses the following find command: find . -name ".git" -type d When another administrator uses the script, it does not find all of the indicated directories.  Which of the following is the best explanation for this scenario?" ;"The find command is tied to specific users." ;"The find command cannot find directories beginning with a dot." ;"The find command begins the search in the current directory." ;"The find command cannot find directories."
"You have specialized software that needs to be installed with an empty environment. Which option to the env command can be used to meet this requirement?" ;"-e" ;"–i" ;"-f" ;"-c"
"Which option enables debugging when used on the interpreter (#!) line within a Bash script?" ;"-x" ;"-d" ;"-a" ;"-f"
"Which of the following will output the number 5 as part of a Bash script?" ;"echo 2+3" ;"echo 2 + 3" ;"echo $[2+3]" ;"echo ${2+3}"
"You need to prompt the user to enter two values in a Bash script and capture them in variables VAL1 and VAL2. Which of the following commands can be used for this purpose?" ;"read VAL1 VAL2" ;"prompt VAL1 VAL2" ;"VAL1=$0 VAL2=$1" ;"(VAL1 VAL2) = prompt"
"Which option to the export built-in command removes a variable from being exported?" ;"-m" ;"-o" ;"-r" ;"-n"
"Which of the following tests the return value from the previous command to see if the command was successful?" ;"if [ $? -eq 0 ];" ;"if [ $? = 0 ];" ;"if ($PREV == 0) {" ;"if [ $RETV === 0 ];"
"You have a file containing bash functions. Which command can be used to add these functions to the current environment?" ;"function" ;"include" ;"require" ;"source"
"Which chmod command grants the user execute permission on a script?" ;"chmod user += exec" ;"chmod u+x" ;"chmod 644" ;"chmod u+all"
"Which find command will locate all files named with an .sh extension?" ;"find / -name "*.sh"" ;"find / -name "*.sh" -type f" ;"find / -name "*.sh" -type d" ;"find ./ -name "*.sh"" "Which unset option can be used to remove a function from being defined?" ;"-r" ;"-a" ;"-f" ;"-g"
"When setting the shebang line of a shell script, which of the following commands will help to determine the location of the interpreter automatically?" ;"#!/usr/bin/env bash" ;"#!/bin/bash" ;"#!env" ;"/bin/int bash"
"Which mathematical operator is used for division within a Bash script?" ;"\" ;"/" ;"*" ;"//"
"You need to send an email to the superuser if a command is successful. Which of the following commands will send mail from a Bash script?" ;"smtpsend" ;"mailx" ;"sendm" ;"mailsend"
"Which file test operator is used to determine if the file is not zero size?" ;"-d" ;"-e" ;"-f" ;"-s"
"You have created an alias but it is gone the next time you log in. Which of the following best explains this scenario?" ;"The alias was not placed into an initialization script." ;"The alias was invalid." ;"The command is not valid for which the alias was created." ;"The alias created an invalid symlink."
"Which of the following is valid syntax to create a variable named FILENAME in a Bash script and set it equal to the second command-line argument?" ;"$FILENAME = $2" ;"FILENAME=1" ;"FILENAME = $(2)" ;"FILENAME=$2"
"You are working with a user who is reporting that their environment does not have certain variables defined, but other users do have those same variables available within their environment on login. The issue was not corrected by having the user log out and then log in again, and you can see their successful login. What is the most likely explanation for this issue?" ;"The user has logged in from the console." ;"The user is using a different shell." ;"The user has removed the environment variables manually." ;"The user is logging in to a different system."
"Which environment variable contains the username of the currently logged-in user?" ;"LOGNAME" ;"LOGIN" ;"LOGGEDIN" ;"LOGINUSER"
"Which file test operator is used to determine if the file is a symbolic link?" ;"-h" ;"-p" ;"-S" ;"-t"
"Which option to the readonly command marks a function as being read-only?" ;"-a" ;"-r" ;"-f" ;"-p"
"Which find command will locate all files where the users have the execute bit set?" ;"find ./ -type f -perm 700" ;"find / -type f -perm -u+x" ;"find / -type f -perm 777" ;"find / -type f -perm -execuser"
"According to the FHS, which of the following directories is used for local binaries?" ;"/usr/local/bin" ;"/usr/bin" ;"/usr/sbin" ;"/home/scripts"
"Which key sequence can be used to terminate a Bash script?" ;"Ctrl+d" ;"Ctrl+l" ;"Ctrl+a" ;"Ctrl+c"
"You need to view the current environment variables in a single line rather than with newlines separating each variable. Which option to the env command can be used for this purpose?" ;"-n" ;"-0" ;"-c" ;"-e"
"You are attempting to copy several files, but the cp command keeps asking for confirmation before overwriting. Which of the following best describes the most likely cause?" ;"The cp command has been compiled to ask for confirmation." ;"The cp command always prompts for confirmation." ;"The cp command cannot be used for the purpose described." ;"The cp command has been aliased to include the -i option."
"You receive an exit code of 1 when working with the grep command in a Bash script. What does exit code 1 mean with grep?" ;"Error" ;"Success" ;"Search pattern not found" ;"Search pattern found"
"Which of the file test operators is used to determine if a file is a directory?" ;"-e" ;"-d" ;"-w" ;"-a"
"Which of the following statements prepends the /usr/local/bin path to the path for a Bash shell?" ;"$PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH" ;"PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH" ;"PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin" ;"PATH=$PATH;/usr/local/bin"
"Which looping construct is executed at least once in a Bash script?" ;"while" ;"for" ;"until" ;"case"
"Which character or character sequence is equivalent to the source built-in in Bash?" ;"<>" ;"." ;"->" ;"%"
"Which option to the export built-in command displays the list of exported variables?" ;"-p" ;"-a" ;"-t" ;"-d"
"Which character or character sequence denotes the beginning of a while loop in a Bash script?" ;"start" ;"{" ;">>" ;"do"
"Within which configuration file is the greeter configured for LightDM?" ;"/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf" ;"/etc/lightdm/greeter.conf" ;"/etc/lightdm.conf" ;"/var/lib/lightdm/lightdm.conf"
"Which section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf is used to describe configurations for a given graphics card and monitor pair?" ;"Server" ;"Screen" ;"VidMode" ;"Video"
"When you’re setting the frequency options for a given monitor, which of the following is not an available frequency unit?" ;"uHz" ;"MHz" ;"kHz" ;"M"
"Which command on a systemd-based system is used to disable booting into a GUI?" ;"systemctl gui-boot disable" ;"systemctl set-default boot-gui false" ;"systemctl set-default multi-user.target" ;"systemctl set-default-multi false"
"Assuming X forwarding has been enabled on the SSH server, which environment variable is used to set the location for newly spawned windows from within an SSH session?" ;"DISPLAY" ;"XTERMINAL" ;"XTERM" ;"XDISP"
"Within the greeter section of a display manager such as GNOME Display Manager (GDM), which option sets the welcome message for users logging in locally?" ;"LoginMessage" ;"Login" ;"WinGreet" ;"Welcome"
"Within GNOME, enabling sticky keys can be done by pressing which key five times in a row?" ;"Ctrl" ;"Enter" ;"Shift" ;"Tab"
"Which option in the Module section of the xorg.conf configuration file causes a default module to be unloaded or not loaded by default?" ;"Disable" ;"Unload" ;"LoadDisable" ;"DisableLoad"
"Which program is used in a GNOME environment as a screen reader?" ;"Orca" ;"Screed" ;"Screen" ;"Reader"
"Assuming a monitor that is currently set at 1024×768, which command will change the screen resolution so that icons and other elements appear larger?" ;"xterm -r 0" ;"xset res 1024x768" ;"xrandr -s 800x600" ;"xVGA"
"LightDM typically allows guest login by default. Which configuration option within SeatDefaults changes this to disallow guests?" ;"guest-login=false" ;"guest=false" ;"allowg=false" ;"allow-guest=false"
"When using XFree86 as the X server, which command will cause the X server to query for hardware and create a new configuration file?" ;"XFree86 --newconfig" ;"XFree86 --query" ;"XFree96 -configure" ;"xf -config"
"Which configuration option for X is used to configure the keyboard model?" ;"XkbLayout" ;"XkbModel" ;"XkbType" ;"XkbInput"
"Which configuration line with a Monitor section of an X server configuration file will set the vertical refresh rate between 55 and 75 hertz?" ;"Vert 55-75" ;"VertRefresh 55.0 - 75.0" ;"VertSync 55.0 - 75.0" ;"RefreshMode 55.0 - 75.0"
"Within which file can a user place commands for executing X clients?" ;"∼/.xclients" ;"∼/.xsess.rc" ;"∼/.xsessrc" ;"∼/.xsession"
"Which AccelerationProfile for an input device such as a mouse enables linear acceleration (more speed and more acceleration)?" ;"0" ;"–1" ;"6" ;"7"
"Which of the following directories is used by an Xorg-based server for storage of fonts?" ;"/usr/share/fonts" ;"/usr/X11/fonts" ;"/etc/fonts" ;"/var/font/xorg"
"Native support for a Braille display requires a minimum of which kernel version?" ;"2.2.0" ;"2.4.22" ;"2.6.26" ;"3.2.1"
"Which configuration option in an xorg.conf file can be set to prevent a user from changing video modes using the Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Plus and Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Minus?" ;"DontZoom" ;"Modes=No" ;"NoModeSwitch" ;"DontZap"
"In which location does the xauth utility look for the X authority file?" ;"∼/.Xauth" ;"∼/.xauth.cfg" ;"∼/.Xauthority" ;"∼/.xau"
"Access to hosts controlled with XDMCP is configured in which file?" ;"xdmcp.access.conf" ;"XDMCPAccess.cfg" ;"Xaccess" ;"XDaccess.conf"
"When using KDE, which program provides magnification functionality?" ;"xmag" ;"mag" ;"pmag" ;"kmag"
"Which signal is used by an X server to cause a clean exit?" ;"SIGTERM" ;"SIGKILL" ;"SIGCLEAN" ;"SIGEX"
"Within GNOME, which section of GNOME Control Center is used to choose a high-contrast theme?" ;"Display" ;"Appearance" ;"Locale" ;"Contrast"
"Which of the following best describes the concept of a mouse gesture?" ;"A mouse gesture enables special clicks, such as a right-click context menu." ;"A mouse gesture facilitates the use of programs by moving the mouse in a certain way.";"A mouse gesture is used for login purposes." ;"A mouse gesture is used to capture screenshots."
"In GNOME 3.9 or later, which keyboard shortcut activates the screen reader?" ;"Super+R" ;"Super+S" ;"Ctrl+Super+S" ;"Alt+Super+S"
"Assume that the display manager has been disabled on boot. Which command can be used after login to start the X server?" ;"xs" ;"xstart" ;"X -start" ;"startx"
"Which option in an xorg.conf file configures the amount of time before the screen goes into blank mode but does not go into standby and is available on non-Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS)-capable monitors?" ;"StandbyTime" ;"BlankTime" ;"SuspendTime" ;"OffTime"
"Which of the following commands helps you to determine information about a given window within an X session, including information on the window size and its position?" ;"xkbinfo" ;"xdspy" ;"xwininfo" ;"xver"
"Which option/button on the GNOME On-Screen Keyboard (GOK) is used show the keys that would be used in place of a mouse?" ;"Mouse" ;"MouseKeys" ;"Movement" ;"Compose"
"Which of the following commands allows a host named cwa to connect to the X server?" ;"xconnect cwa" ;"xterm +cwa" ;"xhost +cwa" ;"xf cwa"
"Which of the following options in the client SSH configuration file needs to be enabled so that X sessions can be sent over an SSH connection?" ;"X11Connect yes" ;"ForwardX11 yes" ;"ForwardX yes" ;"XForward yes"
"Which configuration option in a Files section of an xorg.conf configuration file can be used to add a path in which the server will search for fonts?" ;"FontSection" ;"Fonts" ;"FontLoc" ;"FontPath"
"Which assistive technology is used to provide an input method for users who cannot type but can use a pointer, such as a mouse?" ;"Keyboard" ;"Sticky keys" ;"Mouse keys" ;"On-screen keyboard"
"Which environment variable can be used to specify the location of a user’s xauth authority file?" ;"XAUTH" ;"USERXAUTH" ;"XAUTHORITY" ;"xauthloc"
"When using LightDM, which key combination is used to revert back to a terminal?" ;"Alt+Ctrl+F2" ;"Alt+Ctrl+F1" ;"Ctrl+F1" ;"Ctrl+Esc"
"Which option in the LightDM configuration enables automatic login for a specific user?" ;"auto-login" ;"autologin-user" ;"autologin" ;"auto-login-user"
"Which of the following is a legacy utility that can be used to set accessibility options on older systems?" ;"Xaccessibility" ;"Xas" ;"AccessX" ;"setX"
"Which command, when executed on a remote host, will send the display of X programs to the local client? (Assume Bash is used as the shell.)" ;"export DISPLAY" ;"env DISPLAY" ;"setx HOST" ;"export XHOST"
"Which option in GOK is used to display the keys that correspond to a given application’s menu?" ;"Menus" ;"Activate" ;"MenuKeys" ;"Keys"
"Which directory is used to store individual configuration files related to LightDM?" ;"/etc/light" ;"/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d" ;"/usr/lightdm" ;"/etc/lightdm.conf"
"Which environment variable is used by Xsession to specify the width of a terminal device?" ;"TERMCHAR" ;"COLUMNS" ;"CHARACTERWIDTH" ;"TERMCOL"
"Which option within the Device section for a video card will set the amount of RAM available on the card?" ;"VRAM" ;"RAM" ;"VideoRam" ;"vRam"
"When configuring a Screen section in an X configuration file, the Display subsection can contain the color depth. What is the name of the option to set the color depth of the given display?" ;"ColorDepth" ;"Depth" ;"CDepth" ;"colorDep"
"Multiple server layouts may be created within an X configuration file. Which option is used to differentiate between the different server layout options?" ;"ID" ;"Identifier" ;"LayoutName" ;"Layout"
"Which command can be used to create a fonts.scale file definition when executed against the current directory?" ;"mkfontsscale" ;"mk.fonts" ;"mkfontfile" ;"fontmk"
"What abbreviation used in X signifies a display that utilizes additional capabilities such as extended power-saving capabilities?" ;"DPMS" ;"XPMS" ;"DISPPWR" ;"PWRD"
"What is the name of the accessibility function that provides an alternative to the Orca program to assist users who have visual impairments?" ;"Viz" ;"emacspeak" ;"Ahleah" ;"vAssist"
"Which of the following is a reference implementation of the Wayland protocol?" ;"Wlnd" ;"Weston" ;"Wausau" ;"Wittenberg"
"Within an xorg configuration file, which option sets the inactivity timeout for the suspend mode of a DPMS-capable monitor?" ;"InactTimeout" ;"InactivityTime" ;"SuspendTime" ;"InTmout"
"When the X server is started as a normal user, configuration files from which directory are also included?" ;"/etc/X" ;"/etc/X11/UserConfig" ;"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d" ;"/etc/X/UserConf.d/"
"Which of the following remote desktop protocols uses no compression or transport/session encryption?" ;"SSH" ;"XDMCP" ;"XR" ;"RD"
"Within which desktop implementation would you find the xfwm4 window manager?" ;"XWin" ;"KDXF" ;"Exf" ;"Xfce"
"Which option to Spice startup disables simple authentication?" ;"disable-auth" ;"disable-ticketing" ;"disable-authentication" ;"disable-simpleauth"
"Which speech recognition software is included with the KDE desktop environment?" ;"Alvin" ;"Simon" ;"Theodore" ;"Zeppo"
"Within the GNOME 3 desktop environment, within which Settings panel are the options for slow keys found?" ;"Access" ;"Typing Settings" ;"Keyboard" ;"Universal Access"
"When an X session is already running, which command can be used to enable pointer keys?" ;"setxkbmap" ;"ptrkeys" ;"pointerkeys" ;"keypad -ptrkeys"
"Which of the following provides a server-side implementation of Remote Desktop (RDP) for Linux?" ;"lrdp" ;"xrdp" ;"rdp-linux" ;"lindp"
"You are attempting to edit the sudoers file with visudo over an SSH connection on a system that has GNOME installed and you receive an error indicating that gedit cannot run.  Which of the following commands can be used to solve this issue?" ;"export VISUAL="/bin/vim"" ;"export DISPLAY" ;"subst DISPLAY=local" ;"env VISUAL=ssh"
"Which option to x11vnc sets the password to be used for clients connecting to the server?" ;"-password" ;"-passwd" ;"-pass" ;"-auth"
"Which program is used to add entries to the X authority file?" ;"xf" ;"xauthen" ;"authx" ;"xauth"
"Which assistive technology will ignore keys that are pressed in succession or held down?" ;"Sticky keys" ;"Mouse keys" ;"Bounce keys" ;"On-screen keyboard"
"Which environment variable is used by Xsession if the Xsession error file cannot be opened in its default location?" ;"XLOG" ;"TMPDIR" ;"SESSLOG" ;"LOGTMP"
"From within an X session, which of the following commands shows information about the display, including resolution and color depth?" ;"xinfo" ;"xterm" ;"xwin" ;"xdpyinfo"
"Which of the following files is the configuration file for Weston?" ;"∼/.config/weston.cfg" ;"∼/.config/weston.ini" ;"∼/weston.cfg" ;"∼/.westoncfg"
"Which of the following remote desktop programs offers transport layer security?" ;"x11vnc" ;"xrd" ;"tls" ;"x11rtm"
"Which add-on to Orca enables braille display support?" ;"brl" ;"brltty" ;"brldis" ;"dispbrl"
"Which of the following is a screen magnifier program?" ;"xmag" ;"xzoom" ;"xzmag" ;"scrmag"
"Which GRUB variable can be used to beep when the GRUB prompt is ready to accept input?" ;"GRUB_BEEP" ;"BEEP_START" ;"GRUB_START_TONE" ;"GRUB_INIT_TUNE"
"You need to remove a host from being able to connect to the X server. Which of the following will remove a host named cwa from being able to connect?" ;"xrem cwa" ;"xhost -cwa" ;"xhost -rem:cwa" ;"xrem -host cwa"
"The X Display Manager, xdm, runs various scripts as part of the login process. Which of the following scripts is executed as the user logging in?" ;"Xstart" ;"Xsession" ;"Xstartup" ;"Xuser.conf"
"Which option to the X server disables listening for TCP connections?" ;"-nolisten tcp" ;"-notcp" ;"-noconn tcp" ;"-noconnect tcp"
"Which signal is used to close existing connections, free resources, and restore defaults for an X server?" ;"SIGKILL" ;"SIGHUP" ;"SIGN4" ;"SIGALL"
"Which option in the SeatDefaults section of the lightdm.conf configuration file is used to disable the display of usernames for login?" ;"greeter-disable-user" ;"greeter-enable-login" ;"greeter-show-manual-login" ;"greeter-disable-auto-login"
"Which option to the xauth program disables hostname resolution?" ;"-r" ;"-n" ;"-h" ;"-m"
"Which command will switch the system into an init in which the X server is not typically executed?" ;"telinit 6" ;"telinit 1" ;"telinit 3" ;"telinit 5"
"What is the default location for the error log if the X server is run with xdm?" ;"/etc/X11.log" ;"/var/log/Xdm.log" ;"/usr/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-errors" ;"/var/log/xdmerrors"
"Which script can be used for per-user initialization of xinit?" ;"∼/.xinit.conf" ;"∼/.xinitrc" ;"∼/.xinit.rc" ;"∼/.xinit.cfg"
"Which option prevents abstract sockets from listening with X11?" ;"-nolisten sock" ;"-nolisten absock" ;"-nolisten local" ;"-nolisten socklocal"
"Which option to XDMCP enables sending of BroadcastQuery packets?" ;"-bcast" ;"-bcastQ" ;"-broadcastQuery" ;"-broadcast"
"When using GDM as the display manager, which GUI program can be used to set options for the login window?" ;"gdmlogin" ;"gdmconfig" ;"gdmsetup" ;"gdm"
"Within the XDMCP access configuration file, there is a line like the following: *.example.com Which of the following describes how access will be treated for hosts from example.com?" ;"Only the host named *.example.com can connect." ;"No hosts from example.com can connect." ;"Any host within example.com can connect." ;"Hosts that begin with * within example.com can connect."
"When using xhost, what is the syntax to enable a host named san to connect using IPv6?" ;"xhost +ipv6:san" ;"xhost -enablev6 san" ;"xhost +inet6:san" ;"xhost +enablev6 san"
"Within which file are errors for Xsession and X client processes placed?" ;"∼/.xsession-error.log" ;"∼/.xsession-errors" ;"∼/.xclient.log" ;"∼/.xclient.errorlog"
"GNOME includes native on-screen keyboard functionality. Which of the following commands starts the on-screen keyboard?" ;"gok" ;"osk" ;"kb" ;"oskb"
"Which option to the xauth program specifies the authority file to use?" ;"-a" ;"-f" ;"-a" ;"-v"
"Which accessibility option is helpful if several keys are sometimes pressed or if there is difficulty in consistently pressing the correct key on the keyboard?" ;"Key toggle" ;"Slow keys" ;"KeyAssist" ;"UniversalKeys"
"On which port does RDP listen by default?" ;"389" ;"8080" ;"3389" ;"3306"
"You need to enable the web server (running as the www-data user and group) to write into a directory called /home/webfiles. Which commands will accomplish this task in the most secure manner?" ;"chgrp     www-data /home/webfiles ; chmod 775 /home/webfiles" ;"chmod 777 /home/webfiles" ;"chgrp www-data /home/webfiles ; chmod 711 /home/webfiles" ;"chmod 707 /home/webfiles"
"Which of the following will execute a job through cron at 12:15 a.m. and 12:15 p.m. every day?" ;"0,12 15 * * *" ;"15 0,12 * * *" ;"15 * * * 0/12" ;"*/12 * * * 15"
"Which file is used to indicate the local time zone on a Linux server?" ;"/etc/timez" ;"/etc/timezoneconfig" ;"/etc/localtime" ;"/etc/localtz"
"When importing entries into the LDAP database using ldapadd -f <filename>, in which format should the file be?" ;"LDAP" ;"TXT" ;"CSV" ;"LDIF"
"Which of the following commands removes an expiration from an account?" ;"sudo chage -l username" ;"sudo chage -E -1 username" ;"sudo chage -E now username" ;"sudo chage --noexpire username"
"Within which directory will you find files related to the time zone for various regions?" ;"/etc/timezoneinfo" ;"/etc/zoneinfo" ;"/var/zoneinfo" ;"/usr/share/zoneinfo"
"Which of the following commands schedules a series of commands to execute 1 hour from now?" ;"atq +1hr" ;"at now + 1 hour" ;"atq" ;"at -1"
"You need to delete a user from the system, including their home directory. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?" ;"userdel" ;"userdel -r" ;"userdel -R" ;"deluser"
"Which file contains a list of usernames, UIDs, and encrypted passwords?" ;"/etc/passwd" ;"/etc/shadow" ;"/etc/encpass" ;"/etc/grouppass"
"Which job scheduler should you use if the computer on which you need to schedule the job is powered down at various times?" ;"cron.d" ;"cron.hourly" ;"anacron" ;"at"
"Which of the following commands provides the current date and time in a format of seconds since the epoch?" ;"date +%seconds" ;"date +%s" ;"date --seconds" ;"date --now"
"Which option to the iconv command shows the available character sets on a given system?" ;"--showchar" ;"--show" ;"--list" ;"--all"
"Which environment variable controls the format of dates and times, such as a 12-hour or 24-hour formatted clock?" ;"LOCALE_DATE" ;"DATE_FORMAT" ;"LC_TIME" ;"LC_DATE"
"Which command is recommended for configuration of slapd for OpenLDAP versions 2.3 and later?" ;"slapd-conf" ;"config-slapd" ;"openldap-config" ;"slapd-config"
"Which shortcut within cron enables running of a task every day at midnight?" ;"@daily" ;"@daybegin" ;"@topday" ;"@beginday"
"Which of the following encoding provides a multibyte representation of characters?" ;"ISO-8859" ;"UTF-8" ;"ISO-L" ;"UFTMulti"
"Which of the following commands changes a group called DomainAdmins to DomainUsers?" ;"groupmod -n DomainAdmins DomainUsers" ;"groupchg DomainAdmins DomainUsers" ;"chgroup DomainAdmins DomainUsers" ;"group -N DomainAdmins DomainUsers"
"Which file stores group information on a Linux server?" ;"/etc/groupinfo" ;"/etc/groups" ;"/etc/roles" ;"/etc/group"
"Which command can be used to create an LDIF file from the current LDAP database?" ;"slapdump" ;"ldapdump" ;"slapcat" ;"catldap"
"You are looking for a scheduled job that is not found in /etc/crontab, through systemd timers, or within /var/spool/cron. What is another location in which the scheduled job might be stored?" ;"/etc/crontabs" ;"/etc/cron.conf" ;"/etc/cron.d/" ;"/etc/sked"
"You need to determine if LDAP integration is working correctly. In order to do so, you would like to obtain a list of users, as read by /etc/nsswitch.conf. Which command can be used for this purpose?" ;"getuser" ;"getent" ;"usermod" ;"userlist"
"What is the name of the configuration file that contains information about group and user addition, such as the maximum and minimum user and group IDs, to be used when adding users and groups?" ;"/etc/groupinfo" ;"/etc/login.defs" ;"/etc/login.info" ;"/etc/loginlist"
"Which environment variable is used for localization related to measurement units such as metric?" ;"LC_METRIC" ;"LC_MEASURE" ;"LC_MEASUREMENT" ;"LC_MEASUREUNITS"
"Which of the following lines added to .profile in a user’s home directory will set their time zone to Central time?" ;"TZ=/Central ; export TZ" ;"TIMEZONE='America/Chicago' ; export TIMEZONE" ;"set TZ=/Central" ;"TZ='America/Chicago'; export TZ"
"Within which directory will you find scripts that are scheduled to run through cron every 24 hours?" ;"/etc/cron.daily" ;"/etc/cron.weekly" ;"/etc/cron.hourly24" ;"/etc/crontab"
"Which of the following values for the LANG variable will configure the system to bypass locale translations where possible?" ;"LANG=COMPAT" ;"LANG=NONE" ;"LANG=C" ;"LANG=END"
"When running useradd, which option needs to be specified in order for the user’s home directory to be created?" ;"-h" ;"-m" ;"-x" ;"-a"
"Which of the following commands locks out password-based login for a user but does not prevent other forms of login?" ;"usermod -L" ;"userdel -r" ;"useradd -h" ;"userlock"
"If you need to temporarily reconfigure all locale variables and settings for a given session, which environment variable can be used?" ;"LC_LIST" ;"LC_GLOBAL" ;"LC_ALL" ;"ALL_LOCALE"
"Which of the following will run a command called /usr/local/bin/changehome.sh as the www-data user when placed in /etc/crontab?" ;"1 1 * * * www-data /usr/local/bin/changehome.sh" ;"www-data changehome.sh" ;"*/1 www-data changehome.sh" ;"* * */www-data /usr/local/bin/changehome.sh"
"Which of the following commands produces a report listing the last password change date for all users on the system?" ;"passwd -a" ;"passwd -S" ;"passwd -a -S" ;"passwd --all"
"Assume that passwords must be changed every 60 days. Which command will change the date of the user’s last password change without the user actually changing the account password?" ;"chage -f" ;"chage -W" ;"chage -l" ;"chage -d"
"Which of the following files is used by anacron for reading configuration information related to jobs?" ;"/etc/anacron.d" ;"/etc/anacrontab" ;"/etc/anacron.config" ;"/etc/anacron.conf"
"Which of the following commands is used to add entries to the OpenLDAP database?" ;"ldapd" ;"adduser" ;"addldap" ;"ldapadd"
"Which file contains a list of users who are not allowed to create cron scheduled tasks?" ;"/etc/cron.users" ;"/etc/cron.deny" ;"/etc/cron.denyusers" ;"/etc/cron.userlist"
"You are viewing the /etc/passwd file and see a * where the password should be. What does the presence of a * indicate within the password file?" ;"The system uses forward password aging." ;"The system uses shadow passwords." ;"The system has been compromised." ;"Users have a * for their passwords."
"Which of the following best describes the relationship between UIDs and GIDs on a Linux system?" ;"The UID and GID are the same across the system for a given user." ;"Each user has a UID and GID that are the same and are created when the user is" created.  ;"The UID represents the user whereas the GID is a globally unique user ID." ;"There is no direct relationship between UID and GID."
"Which of the following commands is used to re-create indexes based on existing slapd databases?" ;"ldapind" ;"ldapindex" ;"slapindex" ;"indexldap"
"Which command is used to change a user’s home directory to /srv/data/username and move the contents at the same time?" ;"usermod -md /srv/data/username <username>" ;"homedir -m /srv/data/username <username>" ;"userex -m /srv/data/username <username>" ;"userchg /m /srv/data/username -d <username>"
"Which option to useradd will add groups for a user?" ;"-g" ;"-x" ;"-l" ;"-G"
"Which command will list the cron entries for a given user as denoted by <username>?" ;"crontab -l -u <username>" ;"crontab -u <username>" ;"cron -u <username>" ;"cronent -u <username>"
"Which option to useradd creates a system user rather than a normal user?" ;"-r" ;"-s" ;"-a" ;"-S"
"Which file contains encrypted password information for groups?" ;"/etc/group" ;"/etc/gshadow" ;"/etc/gsecure" ;"/etc/group.conf"
"Which of the following commands can be used to help with recovery of a corrupted OpenLDAP database?" ;"openldap-recover" ;"oreco" ;"slapd-recover" ;"slapd_db_recover"
"Which of the following best describes the use of the groupdel command?" ;"You may force group deletion with the -f option." ;"If a user’s primary group is to be deleted, that user must be deleted first or have their" primary group changed.  ;"groupdel can be run at any time, regardless of group membership." ;"The -r option for groupdel will recursively change user’s GIDs after group deletion."
"Which of the following commands displays the UID, primary group, and supplemental groups for a given user?" ;"id" ;"getid" ;"passwd" ;"chage"
"Which option to the usermod command is used to change a given user’s real name?" ;"-R" ;"-n" ;"-d" ;"-c"
"Assume that you have deleted a user account with UID 1501, including the -r option. Which command should you also run to look for other files that might have been owned by the user?" ;"find -id 1501" ;"grep 1501 *" ;"grep -u 1501 *" ;"find / -uid 1501"
"On which port does the slapd LDAP daemon listen for connections?" ;"389" ;"3389" ;"3306" ;"110"
"Which of the following commands will set the systemwide time zone to America/Los_Angeles?" ;"ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Los_Angeles /etc/localtime" ;"ln -sf America/Los_Angeles ; /etc/localtime" ;"ln -sd /etc/localtime /usr/share/timezone/America/Los_Angeles" ;"ln -sf /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Los_Angeles"
"Which locale-related variable is used for currency-related localization?" ;"LC_MONE" ;"LC_CURRENCY" ;"LC_MONETARY" ;"LC_CURR"
"Which option to systemd-run adds a timed event?" ;"--timed" ;"--add-timer" ;"--on-calendar" ;"--on-time"
"Which file is used to provide a list of users who can add and delete cron jobs?" ;"/etc/cron.job" ;"/etc/cron.allow" ;"/etc/cron.users" ;"/etc/crontab"
"Which debug level for slapd is used to provide debugging of configuration file processing?" ;"1" ;"64" ;"8" ;"0"
"Which command deletes an at job with an ID of 3?" ;"atdt" ;"at -l" ;"atrm 3" ;"rmat 3"
"Which command on a Debian-based system can be used to change the time zone using the package-based tools?" ;"dpkg-reconfigure time" ;"dpkg-reconfigure tzdata" ;"apt-select tzdata" ;"apt-config timezone"
"What will be logged with the loglevel set to 0x10 in a slapd.conf configuration file?" ;"No debugging" ;"Trace debugging" ;"Stats logging" ;"Packets sent and received"
"Within which directory should you place files in order for the files to be copied to a user’s home directory when the user is created?" ;"/etc/skel" ;"/etc/homedir" ;"/home/usertemplate" ;"/etc/template"
"Which command displays a list of jobs currently scheduled with at?" ;"atlist" ;"atq" ;"atl" ;"at --jobs"
"On which port does LDAP over SSL listen for connections?" ;"389" ;"443" ;"636" ;"3128"
"Which scheduler can be used to schedule a command to run once at a certain time?" ;"at" ;"cron" ;"job" ;"jobctl"
"Which file provides a list of users who are allowed to create at jobs?" ;"/etc/at.users" ;"/etc/at.scheduler" ;"/etc/at.conf" ;"/etc/at.allow"
"Which file extension is used for systemd timer units?" ;".conf" ;".timer" ;".timerd" ;".timeevent"
"Within which directory would you find a list of files corresponding to the users who have current cron jobs on the system?" ;"/var/spool/cron/crontabs" ;"/var/spool/jobs" ;"/etc/cron" ;"/etc/cron.users"
"When using slapadd for a large import, an error occurs at roughly 90 percent completion.  Which option to slapadd enables specification of a line number from which the import will be restarted?" ;"-l" ;"-f" ;"-q" ;"-j"
"Which argument to the locale command displays currently available locales for a given system?" ;"-c" ;"-a" ;"-p" ;"-s"
"Which option to timedatectl sets the system clock?" ;"--adjust-system-clock" ;"-s" ;"-c" ;"-a"
"Which option to the file command displays information on the MIME type of the file being interrogated?" ;"-i" ;"-m" ;"-l" ;"-a"
"Which environment variable is used to set the paper size?" ;"LC_PAPERSIZE" ;"LC_PAPER" ;"LC_PRINTERQ" ;"LC_PRINTSIZE"
"Which of the following is used as a systemwide cron file?" ;"/etc/cron.d" ;"/etc/cron.sys" ;"/etc/crontab" ;"/etc/cron.tab"
"Which command can be used to view the available timezones on a system and obtain out- put that can be used in scripts for setting the time zone?" ;"tzd" ;"/etc/locale" ;"tzdata" ;"tzselect"
"Which option within a systemd timer unit will start a timer 90 minutes after boot?" ;"OnBootSec=90min" ;"OnBoot=90min" ;"OnBootHour=1.5" ;"StartOnBoot=90min"
"Which abbreviation is another name for information like the user’s full name, telephone number, and other contact information found in /etc/passwd?" ;"USERINFO" ;"GECOS" ;"HOMEINFO" ;"CDATA"
"Which option to the groupadd command specifies the GID for the group?" ;"-g" ;"-a" ;"-h" ;"-k"
"When working with systemd timer units, which option to systemctl displays the active timers?" ;"list-timerunits" ;"show-timers" ;"list-timers" ;"list-activetimers"
"Which shortcut to the OnCalendar systemd timer function indicates that the timer unit should run once a week?" ;"OnceAWeek" ;"weekly" ;"everyweek" ;"oneperweek"
"Which option to the crontab command removes the current crontab?" ;"-r" ;"-l" ;"-g" ;"-f"
"Which variable in /etc/default/useradd controls the location of the skeleton home directory?" ;"SKELETON" ;"SKEL" ;"SKELDIR" ;"SKELLOC"
"Which option to getent enumerates the password database for a given system?" ;"password" ;"listpass" ;"passwd" ;"showpassdb"
"Which directory contains the jobs scheduled with at?" ;"/var/spool/cron/atjobs" ;"/var/spool/at" ;"/var/spool/cron/at" ;"/var/spool/atjobs"
"Which variable in /etc/login.defs controls the minimum group ID to use on the system?" ;"GIDMIN" ;"GROUPID_MIN" ;"GID_MIN" ;"MIN_GID"
"Which variable in /etc/login.defs contains the location of a user’s email directory for use by programs such as userdel?" ;"EMAILDIR" ;"DIR_EMAIL" ;"MAILDIR" ;"MAIL_DIR"
"Which file contains user information such as username and real name and is readable by all users of the system?" ;"/etc/pass" ;"/etc/shadow" ;"/etc/passwd" ;"/etc/userinfo"
"Which shortcut can be used to indicate that a cron job should be executed on restart?" ;"@restart" ;"@startup" ;"@reboot" ;"@onboot"
"Which option to groupadd specifies that the group will be a system group?" ;"-r" ;"-m" ;"-j" ;"-b"
"Within which directory are databases stored for OpenLDAP?" ;"/var/lib/ldap" ;"/var/cache/openldap" ;"/var/share/ldap" ;"/usr/share/openldap"
"When listing systemd timer units, which option to list-timers shows both active and inactive units?" ;"--all" ;"--active-and-inactive" ;"--inactive" ;"All are shown by default."
"Which file provides a list of users who are not allowed to create at jobs?" ;"/etc/at.allow" ;"/etc/at.deny" ;"/etc/at.denyusers" ;"/etc/at.conf.deny"
"Which of the following commands is used to examine the systemd journal or log file?" ;"journallist" ;"ctlj" ;"journalctl" ;"jctl"
"Which system logging facility is used for messages from the kernel?" ;"syslog" ;"kernel" ;"kern" ;"system"
"To what server address can you set a Network Time Protocol (NTP) client in order to receive time from a regionally local server?" ;"127.0.0.1" ;"192.168.1.100" ;"ntp.example.com" ;"pool.ntp.org"
"What is the name of the systemd service that provides logging facilities?" ;"systemd-journald" ;"systemd-loggingd" ;"systemd-syslog" ;"journalctl"
"Which option within a logrotate configuration stanza informs logrotate to create a new log file owned by the user and group www-data and with permission 600?" ;"new www-data.www-data mode 600" ;"create 600 www-data www-data" ;"new 600 www-data" ;"createlog mode 600 user www-data group www-data"
"Within which directory hierarchy will you find configuration files related to printing with the Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) printing system?" ;"/etc/cupsd" ;"/etc/cups.d" ;"/etc/CUPS" ;"/etc/cups"
"Which access control directive in a CUPS configuration file configures the system to accept connections from the local network with addresses from 192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.127?" ;"Allow 192.168.1.0/25" ;"Allow 192.168.1.0/24" ;"Allow 127.0.0.0/8" ;"AllowHosts 192.168.1.0"
"Which of the following commands will set the date immediately and can be used from the command line in a script?" ;"ntpd" ;"ntpdate pool.ntp.org" ;"settime" ;"time"
"When executing the ntpq command, you receive a message like read: Connection refused. What would this typically indicate?" ;"The network is down." ;"The NTP daemon is not running." ;"The use of NTP is administratively prohibited." ;"The current user does not have permission to execute ntpq."
"Which command is used to query and work with the hardware clock on the system?" ;"hwc" ;"ntpdate" ;"systime" ;"hwclock"
"Which directory contains a listing of available time zones on a Linux system?" ;"/etc/timezones" ;"/etc/tzdata" ;"/usr/share/zoneinfo" ;"/usr/share/timezones"
"Which syslog level is used to provide informational messages?" ;"kern" ;"emerg" ;"debug" ;"info"
"Within /etc/ntp.conf, which of the following configuration lines sets the location of the drift file?" ;"drift /var/lib/ntp/drift" ;"driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift" ;"drift-file /var/lib/ntp/drift" ;"driftconfig /var/lib/ntp/drift"
"Which configuration option in /etc/logrotate.conf will cause the log to be emailed to admin@example.com when the logrotation process runs for the selected log?" ;"mailadmin@example.com" ;"sendmailadmin@example.com" ;"maillogadmin@example.com" ;"logmailadmin@example.com"
"Which of the following commands is used to determine the amount of disk space used by systemd journal logfiles?" ;"journalctl --disk" ;"journalctl -du" ;"journalctl --disk-usage" ;"journalctl -ls"
"Which of the following commands displays the current mail queue on a Postfix server?" ;"qmail" ;"mailqueue" ;"mail -q" ;"mailq"
"When you’re running the NTP daemon, which command can you execute to work with the NTP server in an interactive mode?" ;"ntpd" ;"ntpdate" ;"ntpq" ;"ntp-interactive"
"Assume that you want all email for the root user to be sent to admin@example.com. Which of the following lines in /etc/aliases will accomplish this task?" ;"admin@example.com -> root" ;"root ->admin@example.com" ;"root,admin@example.com" ;"root:admin@example.com"
"When you’re working with klogd, which option can be used to control the file to which messages are logged?" ;"-d" ;"-f" ;"-v" ;"-l"
"Which set of programs or packages can be used for setting the system time on a device that is offline frequently?" ;"chrony" ;"htpoffline" ;"ntpd-off" ;"chrondate"
"Which of the following commands places a file into the print queue?" ;"lpr" ;"lpd" ;"lpq" ;"lpx"
"Which of the following options to the sendmail command will print information about the mail queue?" ;"-bi" ;"-queue" ;"-bp" ;"-f"
"Which function of the hwclock command will set the hardware clock to the current system time?" ;"-w" ;"-s" ;"-a" ;"-m"
"What is the default port for the CUPS administrative web interface?" ;"tcp/53" ;"tcp/8080" ;"udp/456" ;"tcp/631"
"Which of the following commands causes sendmail to attempt to deliver the messages in its queue?" ;"sendmail -q" ;"sendmail -b" ;"sendmail -f" ;"sendmail -v"
"You need to create an email address to accept email for abuse@example.com. However, you would like abuse reports sent to multiple email addresses within your organization. Which of the following will send email destined for the abuse account to admin@example.com and security@example.com?" ;"Create a .forward in the home directory for the abuse user and forward email" accordingly.  ;"Within /etc/aliases, add this: abuse:admin@example.com,security@example.com." ;"Create a .forward file for root and forward email accordingly." ;"Within /etc/aliases, add this: abuse:admin@example.com\tsecurity@example.com."
"Which of the following commands sets the hardware clock to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) based on the current system time?" ;"hwclock --systohc --utc" ;"hwclock --systohc --localtime" ;"hwclock --systohc" ;"hwclock --systoutc"
"You need to delete all messages from the queue on a Postfix server. Which of the following commands will perform this action?" ;"postqueue -remove" ;"rm -rf" ;"postfix -f" ;"postsuper -d ALL"
"Which of the following URLs can be used to view a list of completed print jobs in CUPS?" ;"http://localhost:631/jobs?which_jobs=completed" ;"http://localhost:631?completed" ;"http://localhost:631/?completed" ;"http://cups/jobs=completed"
"Which option to the journalctl command will continuously update the display as new log entries are created?" ;"-tail" ;"-t" ;"-f" ;"-l"
"Assuming that the $ModLoad imudp configuration option has been set in the configuration for rsyslogd, which of the following additional options is necessary to configure the port on which the server will listen?" ;"$Port 514" ;"$UDPServerRun 514" ;"$Listen 514" ;"$UDPListen 514"
"Which of the following commands causes the mail queue to be processed on a Postfix server?" ;"postqueue -f" ;"postqueue -D" ;"postfix -q" ;"postsuper -q"
"When running ntpd, the server will not adjust or synchronize if the time is skewed from the NTP server by a significant amount of time. Which option to ntpd disables this and causes the synchronization process to continue even if there is a large skew?" ;"ntpd -noskew" ;"ntpd -skewcheck=off" ;"ntpd -g 0" ;"ntpd -s 0"
"Which option in journald.conf controls the maximum file size for individual journal logs?" ;"SystemMaxFileSize" ;"MaxFile" ;"LogFileSize" ;"LogSize"
"Which command can be executed to view completed print jobs?" ;"lpstat -q" ;"lpq" ;"lpstat -W completed" ;"lpqueue -c"
"When configuring a log file for rotation, you need to execute a command to run a script after log file rotation. Which option within the logrotate.conf configuration file can be used to facilitate this behavior?" ;"after-rotate" ;"run-script" ;"rotatecomplete" ;"postrotate"
"You are deploying an Exim server and need to work with the firewall to ensure the proper incoming ports are open. Which protocol and port should you allow inbound for normal Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) traffic?" ;"TCP/23" ;"TCP/25" ;"TCP/110" ;"TCP/143"
"Which command should be executed after making a change to the sendmail access database /etc/access?" ;"makemap" ;"makedb" ;"newaccess" ;"rebuilddb"
"When working with syslog-ng, which of the following is the correct path and filename for the primary configuration file?" ;"/etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf" ;"/etc/syslog/syslog-ng.conf" ;"/etc/syslog-ng/ng.conf" ;"/etc/syslog-ng/ngd.conf"
"A developer has created an application and wants to take advantage of syslog for logging to a custom log file. Which facility should be used for an application such as this?" ;"syslog" ;"kern" ;"local#" ;"user"
"A user needs to work with printer-related items. Which of the following commands adds the user (called username in the options) to the appropriate group for this purpose?" ;"usermod -aG printerusers username" ;"usermod -aG lpadmin username";"usermod -gA lpadm username" ;"usermod -a lpadm username"
"Which option within a logrotate configuration file disables compression of the log file?" ;"compressoff" ;"limitcompress" ;"nocompression" ;"nocompress"
"Which command should be used to enable printer sharing through CUPS?" ;"cupsctl --enable-sharing" ;"cupsc --share" ;"cupsctl --share-printers" ;"cupsc --printer-sharing"
"Which command can be used to gather and display statistics about mail processed on a server running sendmail?" ;"mailq" ;"mailstats" ;"statmail" ;"sendmailstats"
"You need to determine the size of the systemd journals on the system. Which option to journalctl is used for this purpose?" ;"--disk-use" ;"--disk-usage" ;"--disk-space" ;"--disk-used"
"You are troubleshooting a problem with printing and believe the CUPS service needs to be restarted. Which of the following commands can be used to restart CUPS on a server run- ning systemd?"  ;"systemctl restart cups.service" ;"systemctl restart cups-service" ;"systemctl reboot cups.target" ;"systemctl restart cups.target"
"You are working with journalctl and need to see only messages that are at a debug priority. Which of the following options enables this scenario?" ;"-pri debug" ;"-prior debug" ;"-d debug" ;"-p debug"
"Which option in a CUPS configuration file causes the daemon to listen on all interfaces on port 631?" ;"Port 631" ;"Listen All:631" ;"Listen 127.0.0.1:631" ;"Port All:631"
"Which command is used to remove an email from the mail queue with Postfix?" ;"postsuper -d" ;"postmaster" ;"postfix -d" ;"postdel"
"Which option to journalctl will clear logs older than five days?" ;"--clear=5d" ;"--vacuum-time=5d" ;"--delete-older=5d" ;"--clear-time=5d"
"When configuring email forwarding with Procmail, which of the following files is used as a user-based configuration file for Procmail?" ;"/home/procmail.conf" ;"~/.procmailrc" ;"/etc/procmail.conf" ;"~/procmail.conf"
"Which of the following definitions in /etc/aliases will deliver mail destined to root to two email addresses, admin@example.com and webmaster@example.com?" ;"[root] =admin@example.com, webmaster@example.com" ;"root: admin webmaster" ;"root: admin, webmaster" ;"root:admin@example.com, webmaster@example.com"
"Which of the following commands views the contents of a message that exists in the Postfix queue?" ;"postshow" ;"postless" ;"postmore" ;"postcat"
"Within which file will you find errors related to delivery of mail on a Postfix server?" ;"/var/log/mail" ;"/var/log/postfix.log" ;"/var/log/mail.err" ;"/var/log/postfix.err"
"When testing SMTP communications between a client and a server, you need to begin the conversation. Which of the following lines shows the beginning of an SMTP conversation using Extended Hello syntax from mail.example.com?" ;"BEGIN mail.example.com" ;"SMTP mail.example.com" ;"HELO mail.example.com" ;"EHLO mail.example.com"
"Which option to timedatectl shows the available time zones?" ;"list-timezones" ;"show-tz" ;"--tzinfo" ;"--timezones"
"You are viewing a directory listing of the /etc/localtime file and it looks like the following: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Oct 30 2018 /etc/localtime -> /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Chicago From that directory listing, what can you tell about the file?" ;"The file is a symlink to a timezone in /usr/share/zoneinfo." ;"The /usr/share/zoneinfo file is a symlink to /etc/localtime." ;"The /etc/localtime file is a hard link to /usr/share/zoneinfo." ;"The time zone cannot be set because the file must exist as its own separate file."
"You need to set the correct time zone on a server. How can you tell what the current time zone is set to?" ;"Run the date command." ;"Run the tzdata command." ;"Examine /proc/timezone." ;"Examine /etc/tzdata."
"Which of the following is the configuration file used by the Chrony package?" ;"/etc/chrony.cfg" ;"/etc/chrony/default.cfg" ;"/etc/chrony.conf" ;"/etc/chrony.d/chrony.cf"
"Which option to journalctl queries for only kernel messages?" ;"-ok" ;"-okern" ;"-k" ;"-limitk"
"Which command must you run after making a change to email aliases on a server running Postfix?" ;"service postfix restart" ;"newaliases" ;"alias -n" ;"postfix -e"
"You need to log output to the systemd journal from a script. Which of the following commands facilitates this scenario?" ;"systemd-log" ;"systemd-logger" ;"systemd-logm" ;"systemd-cat"
"Which command can be used to remove print jobs from the queue?" ;"lprm" ;"lpdel" ;"lpqman" ;"lprmj"
"When running from a shell script, which command enables logging to syslog?" ;"logd" ;"login" ;"logit" ;"logger"
"You need to find the mail queue path on a Postfix server. You’re using postconf -d to view all parameters. Which parameter contains the mail queue path on a Postfix server?" ;"mqueue" ;"queue_dir";"mailq_path" ;"mqueue_path"
"Which of the following options can be given to journalctl in order to filter based on a service name?" ;"_SYSTEMD-SERVICE" ;"_SERVICENAME" ;"_SYSTEMD_SERVICE" ;"_SYSTEMD_UNIT"
"Which command can be used to add a job to a print queue?" ;"lpadd" ;"lkp" ;"lp" ;"lpprint"
"Which of the following files enables per-user email forwarding?" ;"~/.mailforward" ;"~/.forward" ;"~/.formail" ;"~/.forwardmail"
"Which argument to the mail command sets the subject for the email to be sent?" ;"-E" ;"-s" ;"-c" ;"-f"
"Which option to the date command can be used to set the date and time?" ;"date -f" ;"date -t" ;"date --change" ;"date -s"
"Which option to journalctl will trim the journal data size so that it consumes the amount specified?" ;"--clear-size" ;"--vacuum-size" ;"--delete-size" ;"--consume-max"
"Which option to journalctl filters based on time?" ;"--since" ;"--time" ;"--time-t" ;"--filter-time"
"When viewing the syslog configuration, you notice a minus sign (−) preceding several log files. What is the significance of the − sign in the configuration?" ;"The use of − indicates that the log may be rotated any time." ;"The use of − indicates that the system can utilize other logging facilities when" appropriate";"The use of − omits the disk sync process for every entry into the log." ;"The use of − comments out the line."
"Which option to lpr sends a print job to a given destination?" ;"-P" ;"-a" ;"-p" ;"-h"
"Which Postfix-related command is used to provide an overview of the number of messages in the incoming and active queues arranged by age?" ;"queuelist" ;"postq" ;"qshape" ;"queueshow"
"Within the journald configuration file, which option is used to configure the maximum space used by journal files?" ;"SystemFileSizeLimit" ;"SystemMaxFile" ;"SystemMaxSize" ;"SystemMaxUse"
"Within which directory hierarchy are queue-related messages stored for Postfix?" ;"/var/mqueue" ;"/var/spool/mailq" ;"/var/spool/postfix" ;"/var/postfix"
"Which option to journalctl can be used to specify an alternate location for journal data, such as might be the case when retrieving journal data from a rescue system or a filesystem copy?" ;"--alt" ;"--journal-location" ;"--journal-dir" ;"--directory"
"Within which directory are system logs normally kept on a Linux system?" ;"/etc/logs/" ;"/var/logs/" ;"/var/log/" ;"/tmp/log/"
"Which shortcut can be used as the destination in an Exim alias to prevent Exim from delivering mail to a certain address, such as when you want to essentially delete the mail rather than deliver it?" ;":del:" ;":block:" ;":blackhole:" ;":deletemail:"
"Which stanza within a CUPS printers.conf configuration file is used to configure a default local printer with CUPS?" ;"<LOCAL printerName>" ;"<Printer printerName>" ;"<DefaultPrinter printerName>" ;"<PrintDefault printerName>"
"Which of the following commands can be used to remove all jobs queued for printing?" ;"lprm --all" ;"lprm --del A" ;"lprm -" ;"lprm --remove ALL"
"When using the mail command, which option enables setting the From header?" ;"-f" ;"-r" ;"-o" ;"-m"
"Which character sequence is used to precede the host or IP in order to specify that TCP should be used for remote system logging in /etc/rsyslog.conf?" ;"@TCP" ;"@@" ;"@" ;":tcp@"
"Within the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file, which key/value pair will enable the journal to be persistent?" ;"Keep=All" ;"Store=Persistence" ;"Storage=Persistent" ;"Keep=Persist"
"Which command can be used to monitor the status of chronyd?" ;"chronyc" ;"chronystat" ;"chrony-stats" ;"chronyd-stat"
"Within which directory will you find configuration files for various logs that are to be rotated with logrotate?" ;"/etc/logrotate" ;"/etc/logs" ;"/etc/logrotate.d" ;"/var/spool/logrotate"
"Which of the following commands is used to view the pending messages queue on a Postfix server?" ;"postqueue -p" ;"postconf -pending" ;"postqueue -f" ;"postsuper pending"
"Which of the following commands shows the current default route without performing Domain Name System (DNS) lookups on the IP address(es) involved?" ;"netstat -rn" ;"netstat -n" ;"netstat -r" ;"netstat -f"
"You are having difficulty with an interface on the server and it is currently down. Assuming that there is no hardware failure on the device itself, which command and option can you use to display information about the interface?" ;"ifconfig -a" ;"ifup" ;"netstat -n" ;"ifconfig" "Which of the following is not used as a private address for internal, non-Internet, use?" ;"172.16.4.2" ;"192.168.40.3" ;"10.74.5.244" ;"143.236.32.231"
"Which of the following commands adds a default gateway of 192.168.1.1 for interface eth0?" ;"route add default gateway 192.168.1.1 eth0" ;"eth0 --dg 192.168.1.1" ;"route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0" ;"route define eth0 192.168.1.1"
"Which option for the host command will query for the authoritative name servers for a given domain?" ;"-t ns" ;"-t all" ;"-ns" ;"-named"
"Which port(s) and protocol(s) should be opened in a firewall in order for the primary and secondary name servers to communicate for a given domain?" ;"udp/53" ;"Both tcp/53 and udp/53" ;"tcp/53" ;"udp/53 and tcp/503"
"Which option for the ping command enables you to choose the interface from which the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets will be generated?" ;"-i" ;"-I" ;"-t" ;"-a"
"You need to split a subnet to enable four subnets with up to 30 hosts each. Which subnet mask, in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation, facilitates this scenario?" ;"/25" ;"/24" ;"/32" ;"/27"
"Which of the following commands queries for the mail servers for the domain example.com?" ;"dig example.com mx" ;"dig example.com" ;"host -t smtp example.com" ;"dig example.com smtp"
"Which of the following addresses represents the localhost in IPv6?" ;"0:1" ;"::1" ;"127:0:1" ;":127:0:0:1"
"Which option to the traceroute command will use TCP SYN packets for the path trace?" ;"-T" ;"-t" ;"-s" ;"-i"
"Which of the following commands will attempt to bring online all interfaces marked as auto within the networking configuration?" ;"ifconfig -a" ;"ifup auto" ;"ifup -a" ;"ifstat"
"In a scripting scenario, which command will return the domain name configured for the server?" ;"dnsname" ;"fqdn" ;"hostname" ;"hostname -d"
"Which command can be used to listen for netlink messages on a network?" ;"ip monitor" ;"netlink -a" ;"ip netlink" ;"route"
"If the traceroute6 command is not available, which option to the traceroute command can be used for an IPv6 traceroute?" ;"-ipv6" ;"-net6" ;"-v6" ;"-6"
"Which of the following configuration lines in /etc/nsswitch.conf causes a lookup for group information to first use local files and then use LDAP?" ;"group: files ldap" ;"lookup: group [local ldap]" ;"group: [local ldap]" ;"group: localfiles ldap"
"Which of the following dig commands sends the query for example.com directly to the server at 192.168.2.5 rather than to a locally configured resolver?" ;"dig example.com @192.168.2.5" ;"dig -t 192.168.2.5 example.com" ;"dig -s 192.168.2.5 example.com" ;"dig server=192.168.2.5 example.com"
"Which ports need to be allowed through the firewall for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traffic?" ;"Ports 23 and 25" ;"Ports 110 and 143" ;"Ports 80 and 443" ;"Ports 161 and 162"
"Which of the following commands will enumerate the hosts database?" ;"getent hosts" ;"gethosts" ;"nslookup" ;"host"
"Which of the following netmasks is used for a subnet described with a /25 in CIDR notation?" ;"255.255.255.0" ;"255.255.0.0" ;"255.255.255.192" ;"255.255.255.128"
"Which of the following configuration lines will set the DNS server to 192.168.1.4 using /etc/resolv.conf?" ;"dns 192.168.1.4" ;"dns-server 192.168.1.4" ;"nameserver 192.168.1.4" ;"name-server 192.168.1.4"
"When examining open ports on the server, you see that TCP port 3000 is listed with no corresponding protocol name, such as SMTP, IMAP over SSL (IMAPS), and so on. In which file would you find a list of port-to-protocol translations that could be customized to add this new port?" ;"/etc/ports" ;"/etc/p2p" ;"/etc/ppp" ;"/etc/services"
"Which of the following commands adds a route to the server for the network 192.168.51.0/24 through its gateway of 192.168.51.1?" ;"route add -net 192.168.51.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.51.1" ;"route add -net 192.168.51/24 gw 192.168.1.51" ;"route -net 192.168.51.0/24 192.168.51.1" ;"route add 192.168.51.1 -n 192.168.51.0//255.255.255.0"
"Which of the following netstat options displays the send and receive queues for each socket?" ;"-r" ;"-M" ;"-a" ;"-v"
"Which of the following represents a correct configuration line for /etc/hosts?" ;"192.168.1.4 cwa.braingia.org cwa" ;"cwa.braingia.org cwa 192.168.1.4" ;"cwa.braingia.org 192.168.1.8 alias cwa" ;"alias cwa.braingia.org cwa 192.168.1.4"
"Which of the following commands configures the eth0 device with an IP address of 192.168.1.1 in a /24 network?" ;"ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1/24" ;"ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0" ;"ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" ;"ifconfig 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth0"
"Which of the following describes a primary difference between IPv4 and IPv6?" ;"IPv4 is for internal networks only, whereas IPv6 is for public networks." ;"IPv4 is for public networks, whereas IPv6 is for internal networks." ;"IPv4 uses a 32-bit address, whereas IPv6 uses a 128-bit address." ;"With IPv6, no subnetting is necessary."
"On which port does ICMP operate?" ;"TCP/43" ;"UDP/111" ;"UDP/69" ;"ICMP does not use ports."
"Which of the following commands will change the default gateway to 192.168.1.1 using eth0?" ;"ip route default gw 192.168.1.1" ;"ip route change default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0" ;"ip route default gw update 192.168.1.1" ;"ip route update default 192.168.1.1 eth0"
"Which of the following ports is used for Secure Shell communication?" ;"TCP/23" ;"TCP/25" ;"TCP/22" ;"TCP/2200"
"Which options for netcat will create a server listening on port 8080?" ;"netcat -p 8080" ;"nc -l -p 8080" ;"nc -p 8080" ;"nc -s 8080"
"Which of the following commands displays the Start of Authority information for the domain example.com?" ;"dig example.com soa" ;"dig example.com authority" ;"dig example.com -auth" ;"dig -t auth example.com"
"Assume that you want to enable local client services to go to hosts on the network without needing to fully qualify the name by adding the domain for either example.com or example.org. Which option in /etc/resolv.conf will provide this functionality?" ;"search" ;"domain" ;"local-domain" ;"local-order"
"Which of the following commands sends an IPv6 ping to a unique local address?" ;"ping -6 127.0.0.1" ;"ping6 fddi/128" ;"ping6 fdd6:551:b09f::" ;"ping -6 fdd6:551:b09f::"
"Which of the following commands prevents traffic from reaching the host 192.168.1.3?" ;"route add -host 192.168.1.3 reject" ;"route -nullroute 192.168.1.3" ;"route add -null 192.168.1.3" ;"route add -block 192.168.1.3"
"Which of the following describes a primary difference between traceroute and tracepath?" ;"The traceroute command requires root privileges." ;"The tracepath command provides the MTU for each hop, whereas traceroute does not." ;"The tracepath command cannot be used for tracing a path on an external network." ;"The traceroute command is not compatible with IPv6."
"Which of the following commands will emulate the ping command in Microsoft Windows, where the ping is sent for four packets and then the command exits?";"ping -n 4" ;"ping -t 4" ;"ping -p 4" ;"ping -c 4"
"Which command provides an interface into NetworkManager that works from a terminal window?" ;"nmcli" ;"nmui" ;"nm" ;"nman"
"Which of the following commands configures eth1 with an additional IPv6 address of fdd6:551:b09e::?" ;"ifconfig eth1 inet6 add fdd6:551:b09e::/128" ;"ifconfig add fdd6:551:b09e::" ;"ifconfig fdd6:551:b09e:: eth1" ;"ifconfig eth1 fdd6:551:b09e"
"On which port does LDAP over SSL operate?" ;"Port 53" ;"Port 389" ;"Port 636" ;"Port 443"
"You need to prevent local clients from going to a certain host, www.example.com, and instead redirect them to localhost. Which of the following is a method to override DNS lookups for the specified host?" ;"Add a firewall entry for the IP address of www.example.com to prevent traffic from passing through it." ;"Delete www.example.com from the route table using the route command." ;"Add a null route to prevent access to the IP address for www.example.com." ;"Add an entry for www.example.com in /etc/hosts to point to 127.0.0.1."
"Which of the following commands should be executed after running ip route change?" ;"ip route flush cache" ;"ip route reload" ;"ip route cache reload" ;"ip route restart"
"Which option should be used to send a DNS query for a Sender Policy Framework (SPF) record with dig?" ;"-t txt" ;"-t spf" ;"-t mx" ;"-t mailspf"
"Which of the following protocols uses a three-way handshake?" ;"ICMP" ;"TCP" ;"UDP" ;"IP"
"How many IP addresses are available in the 172.16.0.0 private range in IPv4?" ;"/32" ;"16,777,216" ;"65,536" ;"1,048,576"
"When troubleshooting a connectivity issue, you have found that you can reach a server via the web but cannot ping it. Which of the following best describes a possible cause for this scenario?" ;"TCP traffic has been blocked at the firewall." ;"The DNS lookup is failing." ;"ICMP traffic has been blocked." ;"There is a reject route in place."
"When viewing the available routes using the route command, one route contains UG flags and the others contain U flags. What do the letters UG signify in the route table?" ;"The G signifies that the route is good." ;"The G signifies that the route is unavailable." ;"The G signifies that this is a gateway." ;"The G signifies that the route is an aggregate."
"Which of the following commands requests a zone transfer of example.org from the server at 192.168.1.4?" ;"dig example.org @192.168.1.4 axfr" ;"dig example.org @192.168.1.4" ;"dig example.org @192.168.1.4 xfer" ;"dig example.org #192.168.1.4 xfer"
"Which of the following commands displays the number of packets forwarded by the kernel?" ;"ls" ;"ipstat" ;"ifconfig -a" ;"netstat -s"
"When using the ip command, which protocol family is used as the default if not otherwise specified?" ;"tcpip" ;"ip" ;"inet" ;"arp"
"Which of the following commands changes the Media Access Control (MAC) address of eth0?" ;"ifmac eth0" ;"ifconfig eth0 hw ether" ;"ifconfig eth0 mac" ;"ifconfig eth0 hw mac"
"You are using the route command to view routes. However, name resolution is taking a long time and causing delay in the response from the route command. Which option to route can be added to cause it to not perform name resolution?" ;"-d" ;"-e" ;"-f" ;"-n"
"You have replaced a device on the network but used the IP from another active device.  Which command can be run to remove the MAC address entry from your computer so that it performs the address resolution again?" ;"arp -d" ;"netstat -rn" ;"hostname" ;"dig"
"Which of the following commands displays information such as link status about the wireless device wlan0?" ;"iw dev wlan0 link" ;"wlan0 list" ;"iw wlan0 -l" ;"iw dev link"
"Which command is used for setting parameters such as the essid, channel, and other related options for a wireless device?" ;"ifconfig" ;"iwconfig" ;"wlancfg" ;"iconf"
"Which of the following commands can be used to scan for available wireless networks?" ;"iwlist get" ;"iwconfig scan" ;"iwlist scan" ;"iw-scan"
"You need to offer internally facing NTP services. On which protocol and port does NTP listen?" ;"TCP/20 and TCP/21" ;"UDP/123" ;"TCP/139" ;"UDP/5150"
"You need to set the MTU to a specific value for a network interface. Which option to ifconfig facilitates this?" ;"-mtu" ;"mtu" ;"metric" ;"addrmtu"
"Which option to the arp command creates a new entry for a given IP address-to-MAC address pair?" ;"-s" ;"-c" ;"-d" ;"--add"
"Which of the following commands shows network sockets and their allocated memory?" ;"ss -m" ;"mpas" ;"mem" ;"free"
"When troubleshooting a potential hardware problem, you need to determine which physical interface is being used for a certain address. One way to accomplish this is with the ping command in order to monitor the activity lights on the device. Which of the following options to ping will flood the interface with ECHO_REQUEST packets?" ;"-e" ;"-a" ;"-c" ;"-f"
"Which of the following commands can be used to test network connectivity at the TCP level instead of telnet?" ;"netstat" ;"nc" ;"nettest" ;"ping"
"Which option to tcpdump displays a list of available interfaces on which tcpdump can operate?" ;"-a" ;"-d" ;"-D" ;"-i"
"Which command provides a method for sending ICMP requests for IPv6?" ;"ping6" ;"pingv6" ;"tracert" ;"6ping"
"Which of the following commands displays information about addresses, specifically only IPv6 addresses, currently in use on the computer?" ;"ip addr" ;"ip -6 addr" ;"ip6add" ;"ipv6addr"
"Which of the following commands will disable ARP on the interface eth0?" ;"ifconfig eth0 -arp" ;"ip eth0 noarp" ;"ifconfig eth0 noarp" ;"if eth0 disable arp"
"Which option to the route command forces the kernel to use the specified device for the route rather than attempting to determine the correct device?"  ;"inet" ;"addr" ;"dev" ;"device"
"Which option to the ss command shows the process IDs associated with the socket?" ;"-l" ;"-a" ;"-p" ;"-f"
"Which option to traceroute causes the command to use ICMP for requests?" ;"-T" ;"-A" ;"-I" ;"-i"
"Which programmatic function is used by the hostname command internally?" ;"getaddr" ;"gethost" ;"gethostname" ;"getname"
"Which of the following commands will examine the system log for information regarding DHCP activity?" ;"grep -i dhcp /var/log/syslog" ;"grep -v dhcp /var/log/syslog" ;"grep -vi dhcp /var/log/kern.log" ;"dmesg | grep dhcp"
"Which of the following characters are valid for hostnames in /etc/hosts?" ;"Alphanumerics, minus, underscore, and dot" ;"Alphanumerics, minus, and dot" ;"Alphanumerics and dot" ;"Alphanumerics"
"Which of the following configuration lines in /etc/resolv.conf enables debugging?" ;"debug" ;"options debug" ;"option debug" ;"enable-debug"
"Which of the following commands views systemd journal entries for the NetworkManager unit?" ;"systemd NetworkManager" ;"systemd NetworkCtl" ;"systemctl NetworkManager" ;"journalctl -u NetworkManager"
"Which file is read at boot to set the local computer’s hostname?" ;"/etc/hostname" ;"/etc/hosts" ;"/etc/localhost" ;"/etc/networkhost"
"Which traceroute command is used exclusively for IPv6 route traces?" ;"trace6" ;"traceroute6" ;"tracert6" ;"6trace"
"Which type can be used with the dig command to test a zone transfer?" ;"xfr" ;"transfer" ;"zxfr" ;"axfr"
"Which option to the host command sets the query type to ANY?" ;"-a" ;"-b" ;"-c" ;"-d"
"Within which file can per-user default settings be created for the dig command?" ;"/etc/dig.cfg" ;"/etc/dig.conf" ;"~/.digrc" ;"~/.dig.conf"
"Which type of DNS record is used for specifying a POP3 server?" ;"POP" ;"PO" ;"MX" ;"There is no specific type for POP3 servers."
"Which of the following iproute2 commands changes the address of device eth0 to 192.168.1.1 with netmask 255.255.255.0?" ;"ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0" ;"ip addr eth0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0" ;"ip addr dev eth0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0" ;"ip addr 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 eth0"
"Which command is used to show the settings for DNS resolution with systemd-resolved?" ;"systemctl resolvers" ;"resolvectl status" ;"systemctl --resolvers" ;"resolvectl --view-status"
"Which of the following commands enables NetworkManager so that it can be used to configure Ethernet and Wi-Fi network devices?" ;"nmcli networking on" ;"netman enable" ;"NetworkManager --enable" ;"nmti --enable networking"
"You are troubleshooting a DNS problem using the dig command and receive a status: NXDOMAIN message. Which of the following best describes what NXDOMAIN means?" ;"NXDOMAIN means that you have received a nonauthoritative answer for the query." ;"NXDOMAIN means that the domain or host is not found." ;"NXDOMAIN indicates a successful query." ;"NXDOMAIN signifies a new domain record has been added."
"Which systemd daemon can be used to manage network interfaces through systemd?" ;"networker" ;"networked" ;"networkd" ;"netwrkd"
"Which command for hostnamectl can be used to set the hostname?" ;"set-host" ;"set-hostname" ;"set-name" ;"hostname"
"On which port does IMAP over SSL (IMAPS) listen?" ;"993" ;"995" ;"465" ;"514"
"When you’re looking to parse the output of the ip command, which option can you set to remove newlines so that the output can be piped to the grep command?" ;"-n" ;"-o" ;"-l" ;"-f"
"You need to temporarily prevent users from logging in to the system using ssh or another means. Which of the following describes one method for accomplishing this task?" ;"touch /etc/nologin" ;"Disable sshd." ;"Remove /etc/login." ;"Add a shadow file."
"Which of the following commands searches the entire filesystem for files with the setuid bit set?" ;"find ./ -perm suid" ;"find / -perm 4000" ;"find / -type suid" ;"find / -type f -perm setuid"
"Which of the following commands displays the currently open ports and the process that is using the port?" ;"netstat -a" ;"lsof -i" ;"ps auwx" ;"netlist"
"You are attempting to unmount a filesystem using the umount command. However, when you do so you receive a message indicating that the filesystem is in use. Which of the following commands can be used determine which process is keeping a filesystem open?";"fuser" ;"ls" ;"find" ;"ps"
"Which of the following commands displays account information such as expiration date, last password change, and other related details?" ;"usermod -l" ;"userinfo -a" ;"chageuser -l" ;"chage -l"
"Which of the following commands scans the IP address 192.168.1.154 for open ports?" ;"nmap 192.168.1.154" ;"lsof 192.168.1.154" ;"netstat 192.168.1.154" ;"netmap 192.168.1.154"
"Which command is used to create a public/private key pair for use with ssh?" ;"ssh -k" ;"ssh-keygen" ;"ssh-genkey" ;"ssh -key"
"Which of the following configuration options sets a hard limit of 25 processes for a user called suehring in /etc/security/limits.conf?" ;"suehring hard proc 25" ;"suehring hard nproc 25" ;"suehring proc 25 hard-limit" ;"proc 25 suehring hard"
"Within which file should you place public keys for servers from which you will accept key-based ssh authentication?" ;"~/.ssh/authorized_keys" ;"~/.ssh/keys" ;"~/.ssh/keyauth" ;"~/.sshd/authkeys"
"The system on which you are working does not have the lsof command installed, and you are not allowed to install software without going through four levels of approval and scheduling the installation weeks in advance. However, the netstat command is available.  Which option to netstat will show the process ID to which a given network port is connected?" ;"-a" ;"-n" ;"-p" ;"-l"
"You need to look at information on logins beyond that which is captured by the current log file for the last command. Which option to the last command can be used to load information from an alternate file?" ;"-a" ;"-t" ;"-e" ;"-f"
"You need to examine who is currently logged in to the system. Which of the following commands will display this information?" ;"listuser" ;"fuser" ;"ls -u" ;"w"
"You need to execute a command as a specific user. Which of the following commands enables this to occur?" ;"sudo -u" ;"sudo -U" ;"sudo -s" ;"sudo -H"
"Which option in /etc/sudoers will cause the specified command to not prompt for a password?" ;"PASSWORD=NO" ;"NOPASSWD" ;"NOPASSWORD" ;"NOPROMPT"
"Which of the following commands will display the CPU time, memory, and other limits for the currently logged-in user?" ;"reslimit" ;"limitres -a" ;"ulimit -a" ;"proclimit -n"
"Which line in the /etc/hosts.deny file will prevent any host within the 192.168.1.0/24 network from accessing services that operate from xinetd?" ;"BLOCK: 192.168.1.0/24" ;"REJECT: 192.168.1.0" ;"ALL: 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0" ;"NONE: 192.168.1/255.255.255.0"
"When expiring a user account with usermod -e, which of the following represents the correct date format?" ;"YYYY-MM-DD" ;"MM/DD/YYYY" ;"DD/MM/YY" ;"MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS"
"Which of the following directives in a configuration file found within /etc/xinetd.d will prevent the service from starting?" ;"enable no" ;"start no" ;"disable yes" ;"boot no"
"You are using an RSA-based key pair for SSH. By default, what is the name of the private key file in ~/.ssh?" ;"id_rsa" ;"id_rsa.priv" ;"id_rsa.key" ;"rsa_key.priv"
"Which option to the su command will execute a single command with a noninteractive session?" ;"-s" ;"-u" ;"-c" ;"-e"
"Which file is used to enable the setting of limits for things like logins, processes, memory, and the like for users?" ;"/etc/security/limits.conf" ;"/etc/userlimits.conf" ;"/etc/security/userlimits.conf" ;"/etc/security/procmem.conf"
"Which of the following best describes the method to use with ssh in order to execute a single command on a remote server?" ;"Use the -e option followed by the command." ;"Send the command after the other options as part of the command line." ;"Use the --execute option followed by the command." ;"Use the -s option followed by the command."
"When you’re using ssh-agent, which command and option lists the currently loaded keys?" ;"ssh-agent -l" ;"ssh -l" ;"ssh-list-keys" ;"ssh-add -l"
"Which of the following commands should be used to edit the /etc/sudoers file?" ;"Any text editor such as vi or emacs" ;"editsudo" ;"visudo" ;"visudoers"
"Which of the following commands can be used to stop a given service, such as httpd.service, from starting on boot with a systemd-based system?" ;"systemctl disable httpdservice" ;"systemctl stop httpd.service" ;"systemd disable httpd.service" ;"systemd enable httpd.service boot=no"
"Which of the following commands will set an account to expire based on the number of days elapsed since January 1, 1970?" ;"passwd -e" ;"chage -E" ;"usermod -l" ;"chguser"
"You need to specify a list of known hosts for SSH for certain hosts within your organization rather than each user needing to accept those keys individually. Which option within a server-wide SSH client configuration file enables this scenario?";"KnownHosts" ;"PerMachineKnownHosts" ;"GlobalKnownHostsFile" ;"ServerKnownHostsFile"
"Which option within /etc/security/limits.conf is used to control the number of times that a given account can log in simultaneously?" ;"nlogins" ;"loginmax" ;"maxlogins" ;"loginlimit"
"Which file can be used to store a server-wide cache of hosts whose keys are known for ssh?" ;"/etc/sshd_known_hosts" ;"/etc/ssh_known_hosts" ;"~/.ssh/known_hosts" ;"/root/ssh_known_hosts"
"Within the following entry in /etc/shadow, to what does the number 15853 refer? mail:*:15853:0:99999:7:::" ;"The UID of the mail user" ;"The number of files owned by mail" ;"The date of the last password change (since 1/1/1970)" ;"The number of days until the account expires"
"Which of the following commands sets up a local port-forwarding session on local port 5150 to remote port 80 of www.example.com?" ;"ssh -L 5150:www.example.com:80" ;"ssh 5150:www.example.com" ;"ssh -p 5150 www.example.com" ;"ssh -e 5150 www.example.com:80"
"Which option must be enabled in /etc/sshd_config on the destination server in order for X11 forwarding to work?" ;"XForward yes" ;"Xenable yes" ;"X11Forwarding yes" ;"Xconnection yes"
"Which of the following commands generates a GnuPG key pair?" ;"gpg --gen-key" ;"gpg --key" ;"gpg --send-key" ;"gpg --create-key"
"Signatures with gpg can be generated by using which option on the gpg command line?" ;"--sign" ;"--signature" ;"--si" ;"--dsign"
"Which option to ssh is used to set the port for the remote host?" ;"-p" ;"-P" ;"-l" ;"@"
"Which option to nmap sets the scan to use TCP SYN packets for finding open ports?" ;"-sS" ;"-sT" ;"-sY" ;"-type SYN"
"Which of the following logs is used by the last command for detailing recent logins?" ;"/var/log/last" ;"/var/log/all.log" ;"/var/log/wtmp" ;"/var/log/logins"
"Which option to ssh enables the use of a key for authentication?" ;"-i" ;"-k" ;"-f" ;"--key"
"In a scripting scenario, you need to prevent sudo from prompting for credentials or for any other reason. Which option to sudo is used to indicate this?" ;"-n" ;"--noprompt" ;"-i" ;"-q"
"Which of the following commands generates an RSA key for use with ssh?" ;"ssh -key rsa" ;"ssh --gen-key rsa" ;"ssh-keygen -t rsa" ;"ssh-keygen rsa"
"You need to disable a service found in /etc/inetd.conf. Which of the following is used as a comment character in that file?" ;"-" ;"#" ;"/" ;"%"
"Which of the following commands can be used to lock an account?" ;"usermod -L" ;"usermod -l" ;"passwdlock" ;"lockacct"
"Which file is used as the default storage for public keyrings for gpg?" ;"publickeys.gpg" ;"pubring.gpg" ;"public.gpg" ;"pubkeys.gpg"
"Which file in ~/.gnupg/, if present, indicates that files have been migrated to gpg version 2.1 or later?" ;".gpg-v21" ;".gpg-updated" ;".gpg-v21-migrated" ;".gpg-files-v21"
"Which of the following commands searches a server for files with the setgid bit enabled?" ;"find / -perm 4000" ;"find ./ -perm setgid" ;"grep setgid *" ;"find / -perm 2000"
"Which of the following commands creates links within /etc/rc.d/* for starting and stop- ping services on a Debian system?" ;"createsym" ;"startstop-service" ;"update-rc.d" ;"createconfig"
"Which runlevel is typically used for single-user mode, as indicated in /etc/inittab?" ;"1" ;"2" ;"5" ;"6"
"Which option to the su command is used to obtain the normal login environment?" ;"-u" ;"-U" ;"-" ;"-login"
"Which of the following commands shows network services or sockets that are currently listening along with sockets that are not listening?" ;"netstat -a" ;"netlink -a" ;"sockets -f" ;"opensock -l"
"Which of the following commands lists open files belonging to all processes except those owned by the user bind?" ;"lsof -i" ;"lsof -u bind" ;"lsof -u ^bind" ;"lsof | grep bind"
"Which option to nmap will cause it to always perform name resolution?" ;"-n" ;"-R" ;"-b" ;"-a"
"Which wildcard can be used in /etc/hosts.allow to specify a match for a host whose name does not match its IP address?" ;"*" ;"ALL" ;"PARANOID" ;"NAMEMATCH"
"Which of the following options within an OpenSSH server configuration is used to deter- mine whether the root user can log in directly with an SSH client?" ;"PermitRootLogin" ;"AllowRoot" ;"RootLogin" ;"PermitDirectRootLogin"
"Which of the following commands executes a port scan using TCP connect to the host" 192.168.2.3?" ;"portscan 192.168.2.3" ;"nmap -sT 192.168.2.3" ;"maphost 192.168.2.3" ;"tcpscan -C 192.168.2.3"
"Which option to the ssh command is used for X11 application forwarding?" ;"-X11" ;"-A" ;"-X" ;"-F"
"Which option to gpg should be used in order to specify the destination for the encrypted file?" ;"--dest" ;"--output" ;"--destination" ;"--out"
"Which command is used to add keys to the SSH agent?" ;"ssh-keyadd" ;"ssh-add" ;"ssh-ed" ;"ssh-cat"
"Which option to the passwd command sets the maximum password age until the password needs to be changed?" ;"-a" ;"-x" ;"-l" ;"-r"
"Which option to the ulimit command enables setting of a limit on memory that can be locked?" ;"-l" ;"-x" ;"-b" ;"-t"
"Which of the following commands prints a list of existing users from the password file?" ;"passwd --list" ;"cat /etc/passwd | cut -d':' -f1" ;"grep "USERS" /etc/passwd" ;"lookup --user"
"You are defining a service in /etc/xinetd.conf. Which option is used to configure the times that access to the service is allowed?" ;"time_allowed" ;"access_times" ;"timed_access" ;"access_when"
"What file extension is used for interprocess communication service units that are controlled by systemd?" ;".socket" ;".ipc" ;".comm" ;".intercom"
"You are generating a host key for the SSH server with ssh-keygen and want to ensure that the key does not require a password when the SSH server starts. Which command-line option accomplishes this task?" ;"-p" ;"-P" ;"-N" ;"-d"
"When working with the /etc/shadow password file, you see passwords beginning with $1$. What algorithm does $1$ indicate has been used for password storage?" ;"MD5" ;"Blowfish" ;"RIN" ;"PIK"
"Which option to gpg creates a detached signature?" ;"--sig" ;"--detach-sig" ;"--det-sig" ;"--sgn-det"
"Which of the following best describes the role of server host keys for SSH?" ;"The server host key is used to connect to remote servers." ;"The server host key is used for encrypting SSL communications." ;"The server host key is used for client connections and provides a means by which the client can verify that the server has not changed." ;"The server host key provides secure DNS resolution."
"When using a custom client configuration for SSH, which option specifies the key that will be used to connect to the host?" ;"KeyFile" ;"IdentityFile" ;"Key" ;"HostKey"
"Which of the following commands is used as a daemon process to manage private keys for GnuPG?" ;"gpgpkd" ;"gpg_pkd" ;"gpg-agent" ;"gpg-pkagent"
"You need to enable editing of certain files with root privileges but do not want to grant sudo access to an editor such as vim due to the possibility of a shell escaping. Which command can be used in place of vim to provide privileged editing of files?" ;"suvim" ;"nano" ;"sudon" ;"sudoedit"
"Which option to the ssh command enables changing the login name for a given host?" ;"-l" ;"-u" ;"-a" ;"-m"
"Which option to the usermod command changes a username?" ;"-l" ;"-u" ;"-a" ;"-m"
"After specifying the key server, which option to gpg is used to specify the key to send to the key server?" ;"key-name" ;"keyname" ;"send-keys" ;"sendkey"
"Which of the following represents a group called admins within /etc/sudoers?" ;"@admins" ;"admins" ;"-admins" ;"%admins"
"Which limits-related option is used to control the maximum file size that a user can create?" ;"filesize" ;"maxfile" ;"fsmax" ;"fsize"
"You are using an SSH server over a poor network connection but would like to maintain the connection in the event of keepalive messages being lost. Which client option can be set to set the number of keepalive messages that can be lost before the client will terminate the connection?" ;"ServerTerminateCount" ;"ServerAliveCountMax" ;"ServerKeepAliveCount" ;"ServerClientKeepAliveCount"
"If the /etc/nologin file exists and is in use preventing users from logging in, which file can be used to provide a message to those users who are refused a login?" ;"/etc/login.mesg" ;"/etc/login.disabled" ;"/etc/nologin" ;"/etc/nologin.message"
"Which option to ssh-add specifies the lifetime that a key is held in the agent?" ;"-t" ;"-a" ;"-l" ;"-c"
"Which option for an SSH connection sets up a remote forwarding scenario?" ;"-R" ;"-r" ;"-e" ;"-d"
"Which option to chage sets the number of days that a user will be warned before they need to change their password?" ;"-w" ;"-W" ;"-t" ;"-a"
"Another administrator made a change on the system that resulted in the /etc/shadow file becoming corrupted. Which of the following can be used to recover quickly?" ;"The /etc/shadow.bak file" ;"The /etc/shadow- file" ;"The latest backup in /var/backups/" ;"Single-user mode"
"When examining the documentation for a service, you notice that it can use libwrap. What functionality does libwrap enable?" ;"Start/stop from remote" ;"TCP wrappers" ;"DNS resolution" ;"Shadow passwords"
"Which option within /etc/sudoers enables the use of an alias for a group of users?" ;"User_Alias" ;"User_Group" ;"User_List" ;"User_Spec"
"You are using nmap to scan a host for open ports. However, the server is blocking ICMP echo requests. Which option to nmap can you set in order to continue the scan?" ;"-P0" ;"-no-ping" ;"-s0" ;"-ping-0"
"Which option within a server-wide SSH client configuration specifies the name and location of the known hosts file to use?" ;"KnownHosts" ;"UserKnownHosts" ;"UserKnownHostsFile" ;"UserKnownHostsFilePath"
"You need to generate a host key for SSH using ssh-keygen that has been generated with DSA rather than RSA. Which option and argument to that option will create a DSA key?" ;"-k dsa" ;"-a DSA" ;"-t dsa" ;"-h dsa"
"The total number of users logged in can be found with which argument to the who command?" ;"-t" ;"-e" ;"-q" ;"-l"
"Which option to the passwd command unlocks an account?" ;"-t" ;"-u" ;"-r" ;"-l"
"Which option for user limits sets the maximum number of logins that a user can have on the system?" ;"maxsyslogins" ;"maxuserlogins" ;"maxlogins" ;"kennyloggins"