linux_course_doc/certificates/essentials/details.md

# Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=4854c0ef-49cb-40e1-b6c6-e9a8c38c0b9c)

## 1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/1/1.1/1.1_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=b6ffeb56-2e4f-4584-8259-282bc5f1843f)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Knowledge of [Linux](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/) development and major [distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution).

Key Knowledge Areas:

Distributions
Embedded Systems
Linux in the Cloud
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
Android
 

## 1.2 Major Open Source Applications

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/1/1.2/1.2_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=9efdc7de-99c2-4d5e-8675-70c57f34b70f)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop applications
Server applications
Development languages
Package management tools and repositories
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
Nextcloud, ownCloud
Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MariaDB, MySQL, NFS, Samba
C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum
 

## 1.3 Open Source Software and Licensing

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/1/1.3/1.3_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=ee9322d3-b49a-43d3-a257-db9f6c19c735)

**Weight:** 1

Description: Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Open source philosophy
Open source licensing
Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Copyleft, Permissive
GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
Open source business models
 

## 1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/1/1.4/1.4_01/)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Desktop skills
Getting to the command line
Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
Terminal and console
Password issues
Privacy issues and tools
Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

# Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System

* [Debian handbook basic commands](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/short-remedial-course.html#sect.shell-and-basic-commands)

## 2.1 Command Line Basics

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/2/2.1/2.1_01/)
* [LPI lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/2/2.1/2.1_02/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=bed83199-d8dd-489a-ab34-3c0b5589059b)
* [Ryan's tutorials commandline](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/commandline.php)

**Weight:** 3

Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell
Command line syntax
Variables
Quoting
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Bash
echo
history
PATH environment variable
export
type

## 2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/2/2.2/2.2_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=2ff984f9-3a6a-41f7-adaa-36147a11dbeb)
* [Ryan's tutorials manpages](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/manual.php)
* [Debian handbook documentation](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/solving-problems.html#sect.documentation-sources)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Man pages
Info pages
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

man
info
/usr/share/doc/
locate
 

## 2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/2/2.3/2.3_01/)
* [LPI lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/2/2.3/2.3_02/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=34cc6f20-36f0-46c3-bb98-482ab5b8f824)
* [Ryan's tutorials navigation](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/navigation.php)
* [Ryan's tutorials aboutfiles](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/aboutfiles.php)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Hidden files and directories
Home directories
Absolute and relative paths
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Common options for ls
Recursive listings
cd
. and ..
home and ~
 
## 2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/2/2.4/2.4_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=80a46137-3b0c-4b68-810f-06311f6df018)
* [Ryan's tutorials filemanipulation](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/filemanipulation.php)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files and directories
Case sensitivity
Simple globbing
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

mv, cp, rm, touch
mkdir, rmdir

# Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line

## 3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/3/3.1/3.1_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=abdaab05-e3c3-4f46-b5a4-57d106d8b670)

**Weight:**  2

Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Files, directories
Archives, compression
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

tar
Common tar options
gzip, bzip2, xz
zip, unzip
 

## 3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/3/3.2/3.2_01/)
* [LPI lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/3/3.2/3.2_02/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=dd1ac618-59e1-4d73-9092-58c4ab3d2379)
* [Ryan's tutorials filters](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/filters.php)
* [Ryan's tutorials grep](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/grep.php)
* [Ryan's tutorials piping](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/piping.php)

**Weight:** 3

Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Command line pipes
I/O redirection
Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], \*, and ?
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

grep
less
cat, head, tail
sort
cut
wc
 

## 3.3 Turning Commands into a Script

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/3/3.3/3.3_01/)
* [LPI lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/3/3.3/3.3_02/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=d241975f-00b3-4a14-bc1c-5ef92fed7ca0)
* [Ryan's tutorials scripting](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/scripting.php)
* [Ryan's tutorials vi](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/vi.php)
* [Daniel Miessler vim primer](https://danielmiessler.com/study/vim/)
* [Ryan's tutorials bash script](https://ryanstutorials.net/bash-scripting-tutorial/bash-script.php)
* [Ryan's tutorials bash variables](https://ryanstutorials.net/bash-scripting-tutorial/bash-variables.php)
* [Ryan's tutorials loops](https://ryanstutorials.net/bash-scripting-tutorial/bash-loops.php)

**Weight:** 4

Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Basic shell scripting
Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

```
#! (shebang)
/bin/bash
Variables
Arguments
for loops
echo
Exit status
```

# Topic 4: The Linux Operating System

## 4.1 Choosing an Operating System

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/4/4.1/4.1_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=31d82d8e-1dd3-42e8-b522-2dbd76863e47)

**Weight:** 1

Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
Distribution life cycle management
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
Maintenance cycles, beta and stable
 

## 4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/4/4.2/4.2_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=5437f9c7-3afb-414f-9908-83ae3d2afaf9)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Hardware
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
Hard drives, solid state disks and partitions, /dev/sd\*
Drivers
 

## 4.3 Where Data is Stored 

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/4/4.3/4.3_01/)
* [LPI lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/4/4.3/4.3_02/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=1e4a4910-fb24-4d1c-bda5-4ec07dd8cfb8)
* [Ryan's tutorials processes](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/processes.php)
* [Debian handbook filesystem hierarchy](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.filesystem-hierarchy.html)

**Weight:** 3

Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Programs and configuration
Processes
Memory addresses
System messaging
Logging
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ps, top, free
syslog, dmesg
/etc/, /var/log/
/boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/
 

## 4.4 Your Computer on the Network

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/4/4.4/4.4_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=c5b8d8ba-4680-4fd1-9b27-e426a230e0f7)
* [Debian handbook network config](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.network-config.html)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:

Internet, network, routers
Querying DNS client configuration
Querying network configuration
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

route, ip route show
ifconfig, ip addr show
netstat, ss
/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
IPv4, IPv6
ping
host

# Topic 5: Security and File Permissions

## 5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/5/5.1/5.1_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=294772a4-dc99-42b7-991c-a00ac41802d6)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Root and standard users
System users
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
id, last, who, w
sudo, su
 

## 5.2 Creating Users and Groups

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/5/5.2/5.2_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=061ecee0-6982-4f8a-bc0e-fb90237ef961)
* [Debian handbook users and groups](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.user-group-databases.html)
* [Debian handbook creating accounts](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.creating-accounts.html)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

User and group commands
User IDs
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
useradd, groupadd
passwd
 

## 5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/5/5.3/5.3_01/)
* [pluralsight](https://app.pluralsight.com/course-player?clipId=050fb3e8-8fce-480a-9de0-b5d2c20003d2)
* [Ryan's tutorials permissions](https://ryanstutorials.net/linuxtutorial/permissions.php)
* [Debian handbook rights management](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.rights-management.html)

**Weight:** 2

Description: Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

Key Knowledge Areas:

File and directory permissions and ownership
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

ls -l, ls -a
chmod, chown
 

## 5.4 Special Directories and Files

* [LPI lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/010-160/5/5.4/5.4_01/)

**Weight:** 1

Description: Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

Using temporary files and directories
Symbolic links
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

/tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
ls -d
ln -s