completes and spellchecks the postproduction solution

modules/resources/solution_postproduction.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 From the information given in the text I would create the following users and groups:
 
-We could write a script that takes a CSV file as input but I decided to go the oldschool way and just write a full script.
+We could write a script that takes a CSV file as input but I decided to go the old school way and just write a full script.
 First we add the groups we think we'll need.
 
 ```bash
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ groupadd audioengineers
 groupadd sftpjailed
 ```
 
-Most of these are self explanitory, but the `production`, `technical` and `sftpjailed` require a bit more explanitation.
+Most of these are self explanatory, but the `production`, `technical` and `sftpjailed` require a bit more explantation.
 They are *overarching* groups, meaning they group other groups.
 From a Linux standpoint they are no different from the normal groups, but we'll use the to group together the technical department and all users that don't need ssh.
 
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ groupdel alex
 rm -r $sharedhome
 ```
 
-Both scripts together now give us a basic toolset to add and remove the users we need.
+Both scripts together now give us a basic tool set to add and remove the users we need.
 They work quite nicely but are not *verbose* at all!
 To add debug messages with `echo` all around will become very prone to errors unless we start adding `for` loops and `functions`.
 Let's start with a for loop in the remove script.
@@ -408,13 +408,168 @@ Two things worth pointing out in the above script are:
 
 The loop in a loop might look intimidating at first sight but it's not super exotic.
 For each user is the `$users` list we will look at each group they need to belong to.
-for each of those groups we add them with `usermod`.
+For each of those groups we add them with `usermod`.
 
 The `eval` is a bit trickier to explain and I would consider it a bit of a *hack* to make it all work.
 For each user in the `$users` list we also have a variable with their name.
 This variable contains the groups they need to belong to.
-The `eval` statement will *evaluate* the expression following and `\$` will interpretate the $ sign *litterally*.
+The `eval` statement will *evaluate* the expression following and `\$` will interpretate the $ sign *literally*.
 All of this serves to make a call to `$camille` and get `"production script sftpjailed"` in return so we can iterate over the groups.
 
 There are *cleaner* ways of doing this and I would advise you to look into bash [arrays](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Arrays.html).
 If you decide to try this out, you *might* run into compatibility issues when testing in `zsh` but from inside a `bash` script you should be fine.
+
+That's it, we now have two fully functional scripts to add and remove our users from the system.
+Next up is the directory structure.
+
+## Mapping out the files and folders
+
+I'll be following my suggestion from the challenge outline.
+First I think we should create a folder for the film project.
+Then we'll go over each department and their files.
+It might look a bit daunting but it's a lot of the same command.
+
+* create a directory
+* change the ownership
+* add the files
+* set the permissions
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+
+sharedhome="/home/postproduction/"
+movie="awesome_movie_project"
+
+# we'll make a folder to house all the movie data
+mkdir -p $sharedhome$movie
+
+# we cd into that directory to make our life easier
+cd $sharedhome$movie
+echo "we'll create all files here: $(pwd)"
+
+# planning
+touch planning.ics
+chown marie:planning planning.ics
+chmod 664 planning.ics
+
+# scenario
+touch scenario.md
+chown marie:script scenario.md
+chmod 664 scenario.md
+
+# audiofiles
+mkdir audiofiles
+chown marie:audioengineers audiofiles
+chmod 2770 audiofiles
+mkdir -p audiofiles/day{01..14}
+
+touch audiofiles/day{01..14}/recording_{00..99}.wav
+chown marie:audioengineers -R audiofiles
+chmod 2770 audiofiles
+chmod 2770 audiofiles/day{01..14}
+chmod 0660 audiofiles/day{01..14}/*.wav
+
+# videofiles
+mkdir videofiles
+chown marie:videoeditors videofiles
+chmod 2770 videofiles
+mkdir -p videofiles/day{01..14}
+
+touch videofiles/day{01..14}/clip_{00..99}.mp4
+chown marie:videoeditors -R videofiles
+chmod 2770 videofiles
+chmod 2770 videofiles/day{01..14}
+chmod 0660 videofiles/day{01..14}/*.mp4
+
+# renders
+mkdir -p renders
+touch renders/final_render.{wav,mp4}
+chmod 664 renders/final_render.{wav,mp4}
+chown marie:technical renders
+chown marie:audioengineers renders/final_render.wav
+chown marie:videoeditors renders/final_render.mp4
+```
+
+You can now log in with `filezilla` as any user of the film team and check if their permissions are correct.
+Also try to log in with `ssh` and see if you can?
+You should not be able to but we'll get to that in a minute.
+I urge you to try it out and see think a bit about how you would improve it.
+I can think of a few things.
+
+* limit the group `sftpjailed` to only sftp and not ssh
+* limit them to the project home directory so they can't walk around (and get lost) the entire file system
+* when creating new files the entire owner and permission structure will become one gigantic mess!
+
+We'll tackle all three problems one at a time.
+
+### Limiting the group to sftp
+
+This an `sshd` configuration setting so we'll need to edit the configuration file.
+You should know *where* you can find it and if not *how* you can find out where is is located.
+At the bottom of the file you'll see a *hint* towards adding rules from specific users and groups.
+What would adding the following do you think?
+
+```bash
+Match Group sftpjailed
+	ForceCommand internal-sftp
+```
+
+Remember how to *apply* these changes to the `sshd` server?
+Go ahead and restart it now.
+Can you still log in over sftp?
+What about ssh?
+
+### Limiting the users to walk around the server
+
+We can force users or groups to see a different *root* as lowest point of the directory tree.
+With *root* I mean `/` and **not** the user `root`!
+
+```bash
+Match Group sftpjailed
+	ForceCommand internal-sftp
+	ChrootDirectory /home/postproduction
+```
+
+Relaunch the server and fire up a new connection.
+Can you still walk around all over the server?
+
+### Limiting the total mess new files will make
+
+This a more tricky problem and it can be tackled in multiple ways.
+Selçuk and Hugo solved it by using [acl](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-access-control-lists) and I'll let them do a presentation on how to do it but I'm going old school with [setuid and setgid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid) and [umasks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umask).
+I'll let you be the judge on which way is the easiest/best.
+
+#### The last and final permissions
+
+Those who did not just *copy/pasted* but read the file creation script must have noticed I set the permissions with four numbers instead of three!
+The first number allows us to set the setuid and setgid values.
+On directories it forces the ownership of newly created files and directories inside this directory to either the `user` or the `group` who owns said directory.
+Sounds confusing?
+Test it out on some throwaway directory you create in `/tmp` and you'll quickly see how it behaves.
+On files it forces the file or script to be run as the owner or group.
+This can be handy but also quite dangerous, especially on scripts.
+Luckily Debian does [not allow](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/364/allow-setuid-on-shell-scripts) it's usage on scripts.
+A bit more information for you reading pleasure can be found [here](https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/it-security/understand-the-setuid-and-setgid-permissions-to-improve-security/).
+
+#### Permissions for new files
+
+I invite you to create a throwaway directory somewhere in your own home directory.
+Go into it and create a file.
+What are the *standard* permissions this new files has?
+Now ask yourself, where does this rule come from?
+
+Enter the `umask`.
+No, literally, try and see what happens when you enter the command `umask`.
+These numbers are a *mask* that gets subtracted from fully open permissions.
+For files they get subtracted form `666` and for folders from `777`.
+Why would they need to be different for files and folders?
+
+Knowing this, the umask you have is `022` and this get's subtracted from `666`, it makes sense the permissions for your newly created file are `644` no?
+Try to change your umask and see how it behaves.
+
+So with all of this in mind, how can we change the default umask for a user?
+The solution is twofold.
+For shell sessions such as `bash` or `zsh` we would do this in the `.profile` or `.zprofile` files but as most of our movie team users don't have shell access this won't be enough.
+I'll leave you with [this](https://googlethatforyou.com?q=linux%20sftp%20set%20umask%20) to figure it out!
+
+