From ce6a4fd5b1449ca55093d82f651f88f52c42e3d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: waldek <waldek@mailbox.org>
Date: Tue, 11 May 2021 10:09:52 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] starts update of LPIC-1

---
 certificates/advanced/details.md | 117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 certificates/advanced/readme.md  |   0
 2 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 certificates/advanced/readme.md

diff --git a/certificates/advanced/details.md b/certificates/advanced/details.md
index 20c163a..d41acdc 100644
--- a/certificates/advanced/details.md
+++ b/certificates/advanced/details.md
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 ## 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/101/101.1/101.1_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices.
 Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev and dbus.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 /sys/
 /proc/
 /dev/
@@ -24,10 +27,12 @@ modprobe
 lsmod
 lspci
 lsusb
- 
+```
 
 ## 101.2 Boot the system
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/101/101.2/101.2_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process.
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ Awareness of Upstart.
 Check boot events in the log files.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 dmesg
 journalctl
 BIOS
@@ -51,10 +57,12 @@ initramfs
 init
 SysVinit
 systemd
- 
+```
 
 ## 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/101/101.3/101.3_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to manage the SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target. It also includes awareness of Upstart as an alternative to SysVinit or systemd.
@@ -69,6 +77,7 @@ Properly terminate processes.
 Awareness of acpid.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 /etc/inittab
 shutdown
 init
@@ -79,13 +88,14 @@ systemctl
 /etc/systemd/
 /usr/lib/systemd/
 wall
- 
-
+```
 
 # Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management
 
 ## 102.1 Design hard disk layout
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.1/102.1_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system.
@@ -98,6 +108,7 @@ Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements fo
 Knowledge of basic features of LVM.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 / (root) filesystem
 /var filesystem
 /home filesystem
@@ -106,9 +117,12 @@ EFI System Partition (ESP)
 swap space
 mount points
 partitions
+```
  
 ## 102.2 Install a boot manager
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.2/102.2_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager.
@@ -121,14 +135,17 @@ Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
 Interact with the boot loader.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf
 grub-install
 grub-mkconfig
 MBR
- 
+```
 
 ## 102.3 Manage shared libraries
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.3/102.3_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 1
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary.
@@ -140,14 +157,17 @@ Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
 Load shared libraries.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 ldd
 ldconfig
 /etc/ld.so.conf
 LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- 
+```
 
 ## 102.4 Use Debian package management
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.4/102.4_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools.
@@ -160,15 +180,18 @@ Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrit
 Awareness of apt.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 /etc/apt/sources.list
 dpkg
 dpkg-reconfigure
 apt-get
 apt-cache
- 
+```
 
 ## 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.5/102.5_01/)
+
 Weight：  3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM, YUM and Zypper.
@@ -181,15 +204,19 @@ Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specifi
 Awareness of dnf.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 rpm
 rpm2cpio
 /etc/yum.conf
 /etc/yum.repos.d/
 yum
 zypper
+```
  
 ## 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.6/102.6_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 1
 
 Description: Candidates should understand the implications of virtualization and cloud computing on a Linux guest system.
@@ -215,6 +242,9 @@ D-Bus machine id
 
 ## 103.1 Work on the command line
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.1/103.1_01/)
+* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.1/103.1_02/)
+
 **Weight:** 4
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the Bash shell.
@@ -227,6 +257,7 @@ Use and edit command history.
 Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 bash
 echo
 env
@@ -241,10 +272,12 @@ uname
 history
 .bash_history
 Quoting
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.2 Process text streams using filters
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.2/103.2_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to apply filters to text streams.
@@ -254,6 +287,7 @@ Key Knowledge Areas:
 Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 bzcat
 cat
 cut
@@ -274,10 +308,13 @@ uniq
 wc
 xzcat
 zcat
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.3 Perform basic file management
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.3/103.3_01/)
+* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.3/103.3_02/)
+
 **Weight:** 4
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories.
@@ -292,6 +329,7 @@ Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
 Usage of tar, cpio and dd.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 cp
 find
 mkdir
@@ -311,10 +349,13 @@ bunzip2
 xz
 unxz
 file globbing
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.4/103.4_01/)
+* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.4/103.4_02/)
+
 **Weight:** 4
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file.
@@ -327,12 +368,16 @@ Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
 Send output to both stdout and a file.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 tee
 xargs
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.5/103.5_01/)
+* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.5/103.5_02/)
+
 **Weight:** 4
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to perform basic process management.
@@ -346,6 +391,7 @@ Select and sort processes for display.
 Send signals to processes.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 &
 bg
 fg
@@ -362,10 +408,12 @@ killall
 watch
 screen
 tmux
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.6 Modify process execution priorities
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.6/103.6_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities.
@@ -377,14 +425,18 @@ Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
 Change the priority of a running process.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 nice
 ps
 renice
 top
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.7/103.7_01/)
+* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.7/103.7_02/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements as well as understanding the differences between basic and extended regular expressions. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
@@ -398,15 +450,18 @@ Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file co
 Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 grep
 egrep
 fgrep
 sed
 regex(7)
- 
+```
 
 ## 103.8 Basic file editing
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.8/103.8_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. It also includes awareness of other common editors and setting the default editor.
@@ -420,6 +475,7 @@ Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
 Configure the standard editor.
 Terms and Utilities:
 
+```bash
 vi
 /, ?
 h,j,k,l
@@ -427,12 +483,14 @@ i, o, a
 d, p, y, dd, yy
 ZZ, :w!, :q!
 EDITOR
- 
+```
 
 # Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
 
 ## 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.1/104.1_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions.
@@ -449,15 +507,18 @@ exFAT
 Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 fdisk
 gdisk
 parted
 mkfs
 mkswap
- 
+```
 
 ## 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.2/104.2_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem.
@@ -469,6 +530,7 @@ Monitor free space and inodes.
 Repair simple filesystem problems.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 du
 df
 fsck
@@ -478,10 +540,12 @@ tune2fs
 xfs_repair
 xfs_fsr
 xfs_db
- 
+```
 
 ## 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.3/104.3_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem.
@@ -495,20 +559,21 @@ Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.
 Awareness of systemd mount units.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 /etc/fstab
 /media/
 mount
 umount
 blkid
 lsblk
- 
+```
 
 ## 104.4 Removed
 
- 
-
 ## 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.5/104.5_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 3
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships.
@@ -521,14 +586,17 @@ Know how to change the file creation mask.
 Use the group field to grant file access to group members.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 chmod
 umask
 chown
 chgrp
- 
+```
 
 ## 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.6/104.6_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file.
@@ -541,12 +609,15 @@ Copying versus linking files.
 Use links to support system administration tasks.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 ln
 ls
- 
+```
 
 ## 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
 
+* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.7/104.7_01/)
+
 **Weight:** 2
 
 Description: Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications.
@@ -558,6 +629,7 @@ Find files and commands on a Linux system.
 Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.
 The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
 
+```bash
 find
 locate
 updatedb
@@ -565,3 +637,4 @@ whereis
 which
 type
 /etc/updatedb.conf
+```
diff --git a/certificates/advanced/readme.md b/certificates/advanced/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29