adds learning vimrc
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" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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" basic essentials
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" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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" don't make vim vi compatible (if not set you miss out on a lot of features!)
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" you'll see this option set in most configuration files found online
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set nocompatible
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" enable filetype recognition plus indent and plugin (pretty much mandatory)
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filetype plugin indent on " required
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" enable syntax highlighting
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syntax on
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" backspace can be a tricky thing and this setting make it work a lot better
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set backspace=indent,eol,start
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" when tab completing on the expert line you don't want to miss out on EDIT vs
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" edit or nerdtree vs NERDTree and this setting ignores case completely
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set ignorecase
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" highlight your search patterns (very handy when building regexes)
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set hlsearch
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" highlight the search pattern as-you-go (tremendously helpful when
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" constructing regexes)
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set incsearch
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" always show a status line at the bottom of your vim which shows some basic
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" information about the file, which line you're at etc
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set laststatus=2
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" show files in statusbar when opening via expert mode
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set wildmenu
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" also show all possible expert mode commands in the statusline
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set wildmode=full
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" reverse numbering (in the sideline) so you don't have to manually count how
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" many lines you have to yank
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set rnu
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" can do copy paste from the clipboard
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set clipboard=unnamedplus
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# DBus
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## What is dbus
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## Command line interfacing with dbus
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## Graphical interfacing
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```
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dbus-send --session --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.Notifications --type=method_call --reply-timeout=10000 /org/freedesktop/Notifications org.freedesktop.Notifications.Notify string:'Test Application' uint32:0 string: string:'NOTIFICATION TEST' string:'This is a test of the notification system via DBus.' array:string: dict:string:string: int32:10000
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```
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# HDD Disks on Linux
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## Adding a disk in VirtualBox
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* via gnome disks
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* install gparted
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* look at the filesystem support menu
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* fdisk create new partition table
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* mkfs.ext4 partition
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# Beyond the basics
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By now you have used enough `vim` to see it's tremendous text editing potential.
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Out of the box it works very well, but with some additional configuration and a few plugins installed it get's even better.
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We'll go over all basic aspects of tweaking your `~/.vimrc` file from some welcome changes, some aesthetic to a complete IDE.
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For IDE features we'll focus on `python3` and `bash` but I'll leave some links to point you in the right direction for other languages.
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The point of this chapter is not to race towards the end but to understand what every step adds to your working comfort.
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I highly advise to take the changes to your vimrc *slowly* and see if you actually *like* the change.
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If you don't like a feature you don't have to use it, but it's still good to be aware of where you can take vim for future reference.
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## Which vim to install
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A simple `sudo apt install vim` installs a *basic* version of vim but when you're on a server and need to do some scripting it's a better idea to install `vim-nox`.
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What's the difference?
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We can get some information about both packages via `sudo apt-cache show vim vim-nox`.
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Classic vim will give you the following description:
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```
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Description-en: Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
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Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi.
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.
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Many new features have been added: multi level undo, syntax
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highlighting, command line history, on-line help, filename
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completion, block operations, folding, Unicode support, etc.
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.
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This package contains a version of vim compiled with a rather
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standard set of features. This package does not provide a GUI
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version of Vim. See the other vim-* packages if you need more
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(or less).
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```
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And vim-nox the following:
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```
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Description-en: Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - with scripting languages support
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Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi.
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.
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Many new features have been added: multi level undo, syntax
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highlighting, command line history, on-line help, filename
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completion, block operations, folding, Unicode support, etc.
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.
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This package contains a version of vim compiled with support for
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scripting with Lua, Perl, Python 3, Ruby, and Tcl but no GUI.
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```
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I would *always* install vim-nox but this is personal preference.
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Some people like the graphical versions of vim, or `gvim`, but I'm not a fan.
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Maybe try the vim-gtk package to see if you like it.
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Do keep in mind that the program you'll invoke is **always** `vim` no matter which version you install!
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For graphical vim you'll invoke `gvim`.
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**From here on out I expect a vim-nox installed!**
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## Basic improvements
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You'll probably always want to include the following in your vimrc.
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You can [download](./assets/vimrc_basic) the file if you want to try it out but do take the time to read the comments.
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```
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" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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" basic essentials
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" ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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" don't make vim vi compatible (if not set you miss out on a lot of features!)
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" you'll see this option set in most configuration files found online
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set nocompatible
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" enable filetype recognition plus indent and plugin (pretty much mandatory)
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filetype plugin indent on
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" enable syntax highlighting
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syntax on
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" backspace can be a tricky thing and this setting makes it work a lot better
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set backspace=indent,eol,start
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" when tab completing on the expert line you don't want to miss out on EDIT vs
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" edit or nerdtree vs NERDTree and this setting ignores case completely
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set ignorecase
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" highlight your search patterns (very handy when building regexes)
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set hlsearch
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" highlight the search pattern as-you-go (tremendously helpful when
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" constructing regexes)
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set incsearch
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" always show a status line at the bottom of your vim which shows some basic
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" information about the file, which line you're at etc
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set laststatus=2
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" show files in statusbar when opening via expert mode
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set wildmenu
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" also show all possible expert mode commands in the statusline
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set wildmode=full
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" reverse numbering (in the sideline) so you don't have to manually count how
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" many lines you have to yank
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set rnu
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" it's also nice to still have your absolute line number in the sideline
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set nu
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" can do copy paste from the clipboard
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set clipboard=unnamedplus
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```
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You can test out the vim configuration above by downloading it to your home directory and telling vim explicitly you want *that* vimrc by invoking `vim -u ~/vimrc_basic test.py` where `test.py` is just an example.
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Each setting has some information about what it does but vim comes with built-in help.
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You can invoke this help by pressing `:help laststatus`.
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## Getting help
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Now, what has happened here?
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Vim opened it's own documentation in a new *horizontal split* and moved the cursor there.
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At first this is very intimidating but there are just a few command you need to know to manage this situation perfectly.
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Don't worry about messing up the documentation, it's opened in read only mode.
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* you can read the documentation by pressing `j` to go down and `k` to go up
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* to navigate splits you use `CRTL-w j` to go down, `CRTL-w k` to go up, `CTRL-w l` to to right and `CRTL-w h` to go left
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* to close the documentation you need to be *inside* the documentation split and press `:close` which means it will close the split you're in (if your cursor is on the **other** split you can use `:only` which does the opposite)
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The `CTRL-w` affair is a shortcut to vim's window navigation.
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You can read up a bit more in the manual at `:help window` but below is the gist of it.
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It might sound a bit confusing at the start but think of `tmux` and it's *panes, splits and windows* and it might make some more sense.
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```
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Summary:
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A buffer is the in-memory text of a file.
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A window is a viewport on a buffer.
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A tab page is a collection of windows.
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A window is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple windows on one
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buffer, or several windows on different buffers.
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A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains
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unchanged until you write the buffer to the file.
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A buffer can be in one of three states:
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*active-buffer*
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active: The buffer is displayed in a window. If there is a file for this
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buffer, it has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been
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modified since then and thus be different from the file.
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*hidden-buffer*
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hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, it
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has been read into the buffer. Otherwise it's the same as an active
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buffer, you just can't see it.
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*inactive-buffer*
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inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options
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for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded. It can
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contain marks from the |viminfo| file. But the buffer doesn't
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contain text.
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```
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If you actually read the documentation you must have noticed you can make tabs, as in firefox tabs, in vim!
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I tend to mostly use buffers, based on [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26708822/why-do-vim-experts-prefer-buffers-over-tabs) philosophy but you do you.
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As for window navigation I add the following to my vimrc but you will probably not like it too much.
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This remaps the arrow keys, which you should **not** be using for navigation text anyway, to window navigation.
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If the `nnoremap` makes no sense try `:help mapping`.
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```
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" use the arrows for buffer navigation
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nnoremap <down> <C-W><C-J>
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nnoremap <up> <C-W><C-K>
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nnoremap <left> <C-W><C-H>
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nnoremap <right> <C-W><C-L>
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```
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## Switching quickly from config file to config file
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A lot of information about vim online is geared towards programmers and not system administrators but I have a trick for you that will probably help you quite a bit when modifying configuration files.
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You have to get comfortable with opening and navigating buffers first so a quick rundown on the basics.
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To do this exercise properly first prepare the following files by executing the commands below.
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```
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echo "I am a first file" > ~/first_file.txt
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echo "[unit]\nDescription=looks like a config file\nManual=maybe systemd\n" > ~/test.service
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echo "import datetime\n\nd = datetime.datetime.now()\nprint(d)" >python_test.py
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```
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### Part one
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1. Open up vim with my basic vimrc you downloaded above and you should have a blank vim in front of you.
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2. Type `:edit ~/first_file.txt` to open up the first file.
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3. Type `:edit ~/test.service` to open up the second file.
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4. Type `:edit ~/python_test.py` to open up the third file.
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You have now opened up all three files in one vim but how do you switch from one to the other?
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They are loaded in memory and are called buffers.
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To list all buffers currently opened in vim you type `:buffers` and you should see a list like the one below.
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```
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:buffers
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1 "first_file.txt" line 1
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2 # "test.service" line 1
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3 %a "python_test.py" line 1
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Press ENTER or type command to continue
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```
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To go back to the buffer you where are just hit enter but if you want to **switch** to a different one type `:b 1`.
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This will take you to the first buffer.
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As you are opening and editing files in the same instance of vim you can yank and paste from one to the other!
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Try playing around with this and make some changes to some files.
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At some point you'll be confronted with the following message.
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```
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E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
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```
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This means you're trying to switch to an other buffer but you have unsaved changes in the one you're currently at.
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I like to add the following to my vimrc to automatically save a buffer upon leaving.
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Do keep in mind it can be a bit dangerous to overwrite files you're not too certain about.
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```
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" automatically save buffers
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set autowrite
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set autowriteall
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```
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Once you feel comfortable move on to the next part.
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### Part two
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OK, quit vim completely and go to your home directory, where you created the three files before.
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Open vim up again with my basic configuration but instead of `:edit` use `:find tes<TAB>` where <TAB> is your tab complete key.
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Vim should list all files matching the `tes` pattern inside the folder you're in.
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We can supercharge this behaviour by modifying the `path` vim will search in.
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To see which paths are searched by default type `:set path` and you'll probably see `path=.,/usr/include,,`.
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This is nice from a *programmers* point of view but we can change it to suit our administrator's point of view better.
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To completely override we can change the setting by typing `:set path=/etc/**` and vim will now search our `/etc` folder **recursively**.
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Try it out with `:find ssh<TAB>` to see it's full power!
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This is a setting you can either fix in your vimrc, or change in the fly, your choice.
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**Don't be greedy and set it to the root of your hard drive.
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This will slow vim down way too much because there are just too many files and folders!**
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