full outline and TOC
This commit is contained in:
waldek
parent
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@ -605,6 +605,13 @@ When you think about it it does make sense because at the end of the day the com
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So when you execute a script each line of code is converted to machine instructions on the spot.
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So when you execute a script each line of code is converted to machine instructions on the spot.
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This makes scripts easier to write but slower at execution.
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This makes scripts easier to write but slower at execution.
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## Note on file extensions
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Linux does not rely as much on file extensions as windows does.
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We could even say it often does not care about them.
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Due to the decentralized nature of Linux development, some programs *do* care about them while others don't.
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It's a bit of hit and miss but I advise you to read [this](https://askubuntu.com/questions/803434/do-file-extensions-have-any-purpose-in-linux) post on AskUbuntu for a more detailed explanation.
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# More about paths
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# More about paths
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The prompt in our terminal tells us who we are, on which machine, and **where** we are located.
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The prompt in our terminal tells us who we are, on which machine, and **where** we are located.
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@ -1196,12 +1203,236 @@ waldek@hellodebian:~$
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**Read** some manual pages on the commands we've seen until now.
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**Read** some manual pages on the commands we've seen until now.
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**Apply** some options you read about in the manual to experiment with said programs.
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**Apply** some options you read about in the manual to experiment with said programs.
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# Creating and modifying
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# Creating, modifying and deleting
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We've seen how to navigate our filesystem and how to list files and directories at certain locations.
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Now let's learn how to add, modify and remove files and directories.
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## Directories
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## Directories
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The main tool to create directories is `mkdir`.
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It's usage is pretty simple, it will create a directory at the location you specify as argument.
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This location can be absolute or relative.
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By default it will **not** create parent directories if needed but we can force it to do so with the `-p` flag.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mkdir website
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos website
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls website/
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mkdir website/page_one/assets
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mkdir: cannot create directory ‘website/page_one/assets’: No such file or directory
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mkdir -p website/page_one/assets
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls -R website/
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website/:
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page_one
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website/page_one:
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assets
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website/page_one/assets:
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waldek@hellodebian:~$
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```
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The counterpart to `mkdir` is `rmdir` which can be used to remove **empty** directories.
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As it can only remove empty directories it's not used that much but it's worth knowing it exists.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rmdir website/
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rmdir: failed to remove 'website/': Directory not empty
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rmdir website/page_one/
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rmdir: failed to remove 'website/page_one/': Directory not empty
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rmdir website/page_one/assets/
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rmdir website/page_one/
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rmdir website/
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
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waldek@hellodebian:~$
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```
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To remove directories that have subdirectories or files in them we need to use an other program, `rm` but with a specific flag `-r`.
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It works as such.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mkdir -p website/page_one/assets
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rm website/
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rm: cannot remove 'website/': Is a directory
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rm -r website/
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
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waldek@hellodebian:~$
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```
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**There is no trash or recycle bin on the command line! Removed is removed so think before you hit enter.**
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## Files
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## Files
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We can create empty files with the `touch` command.
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It's worth pointing out that using `touch` to create files is not it's main purpose.
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Reading the manual the fact that it creates files is kind of an extra feature.
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Non the less, it's widely used to create files.
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```
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TOUCH(1) User Commands TOUCH(1)
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NAME
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touch - change file timestamps
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SYNOPSIS
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touch [OPTION]... FILE...
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DESCRIPTION
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Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
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A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h is supplied.
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A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to change the times of the file associated with standard output.
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Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
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```
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In practice it works as follows.
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We can create files with `touch` and delete them with `rm`.
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For deleting files we don't need any extra flags as opposed to directories.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mkdir -p website/page_one/assets
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls website/
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page_one
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ touch website/index.html
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls website/
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index.html page_one
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ file website/index.html
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website/index.html: empty
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ rm website/index.html
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls website/
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page_one
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ file website/index.html
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website/index.html: cannot open `website/index.html' (No such file or directory)
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waldek@hellodebian:~$
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```
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What if you created the file in the wrong place?
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With `mv` we can move files from one location to an other.
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When you think about it, renaming is actually the *same* as moving so there is no specific program to rename files or folders.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ touch index.html
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads index.html Music Pictures Public Templates Videos website
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mv index.html website/indexxxx.html
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos website
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls website/
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indexxxx.html page_one
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mv website/indexxxx.html website/index.html
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls website/
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index.html page_one
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waldek@hellodebian:~$
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```
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We can also move entire directories from one location to another.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos website
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ mv website/ Documents/
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
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waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls -R Documents/
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Documents/:
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website
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Documents/website:
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index.html page_one
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Documents/website/page_one:
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assets
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Documents/website/page_one/assets:
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waldek@hellodebian:~$
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```
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Copying is done with `cp` and behaves very similar to `mv`.
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For example.
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```
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ ls
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website
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ mv website/ website_1
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ ls
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website_1
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ cp website_1/ website_2
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cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'website_1/'
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ cp -r website_1/ website_2
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ ls
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website_1 website_2
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$ ls -R
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.:
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website_1 website_2
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./website_1:
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index.html page_one
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./website_1/page_one:
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assets
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./website_1/page_one/assets:
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./website_2:
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index.html page_one
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./website_2/page_one:
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assets
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./website_2/page_one/assets:
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waldek@hellodebian:~/Documents$
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```
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### `nano`
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### `nano`
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### `vi` and `vim`
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### `vi` and `vim`
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# Exercise
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The only way to learn `vim` is to *use* it.
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Luckily `vim-nox` comes with a dedicated *program* to learn it called `vimtutor`.
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It's actually a text file that you open up in `vim` where you just need to **read** and **execute** what you've read.
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Enjoy!
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# Finding stuff
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## Finding files
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## Searching inside files
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## Wildcards and regular expressions
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# Pipes and redirects
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# Users
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## Adding and removing users
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## Switching user
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# Permissions
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## Octal number system
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## Changing permissions
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## Changing ownership
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# Remote control of a server
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## History
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## SSH and SFTP
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# Bandit
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128
readme.md
128
readme.md
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@ -1,37 +1,133 @@
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# About
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Table of Contents
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=================
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* [Introduction to Linux](./essential/readme.md#introduction-to-linux)
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* [Where does Linux originate from?](./essential/readme.md#where-does-linux-originate-from)
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* [Who is behind this project?](./essential/readme.md#who-is-behind-this-project)
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* [What is the deal with 'GNU-slash-Linux'?](./essential/readme.md#what-is-the-deal-with-gnu-slash-linux)
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* [Where can you <em>get</em> some Linux?](./essential/readme.md#where-can-you-get-some-linux)
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* [Debian](./essential/readme.md#debian)
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* [How to create a virtual machine](./essential/readme.md#how-to-create-a-virtual-machine)
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* [Breakdown of the Debian installation](./essential/readme.md#breakdown-of-the-debian-installation)
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise)
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* [Quick look at an idle system](./essential/readme.md#quick-look-at-an-idle-system)
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* [Package managers](./essential/readme.md#package-managers)
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* [Graphical installation](./essential/readme.md#graphical-installation)
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* [Command line installation](./essential/readme.md#command-line-installation)
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* [Adding a secondary desktop environment](./essential/readme.md#adding-a-secondary-desktop-environment)
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* [Changing the runlevel](./essential/readme.md#changing-the-runlevel)
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-1)
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* [Guest additions](./essential/readme.md#guest-additions)
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* [Introduction to the command line](./essential/readme.md#introduction-to-the-command-line)
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* [Compiled vs interpreted](./essential/readme.md#compiled-vs-interpreted)
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* [Note on file extensions](./essential/readme.md#note-on-file-extensions)
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* [More about paths](./essential/readme.md#more-about-paths)
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* [Absolute and relative paths](./essential/readme.md#absolute-and-relative-paths)
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* [root and / and /root are not the same thing](./essential/readme.md#root-and---and-root-are-not-the-same-thing)
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-2)
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* [A pit stop to review what we've learned so far](./essential/readme.md#a-pit-stop-to-review-what-weve-learned-so-far)
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* [Arguments and flags](./essential/readme.md#arguments-and-flags)
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* [Getting help](./essential/readme.md#getting-help)
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* [Options](./essential/readme.md#options)
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* [Manuals](./essential/readme.md#manuals)
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-3)
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* [Creating, modifying and deleting](./essential/readme.md#creating-modifying-and-deleting)
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* [Directories](./essential/readme.md#directories)
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* [Files](./essential/readme.md#files)
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* [nano](./essential/readme.md#nano)
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* [vi and vim](./essential/readme.md#vi-and-vim)
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-4)
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* [Finding stuff](./essential/readme.md#finding-stuff)
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||||||
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* [Finding files](./essential/readme.md#finding-files)
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* [Searching inside files](./essential/readme.md#searching-inside-files)
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* [Wildcards and regular expressions](./essential/readme.md#wildcards-and-regular-expressions)
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* [Pipes and redirects](./essential/readme.md#pipes-and-redirects)
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* [Users](./essential/readme.md#users)
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* [Adding and removing users](./essential/readme.md#adding-and-removing-users)
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|
* [Switching user](./essential/readme.md#switching-user)
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|
* [Permissions](./essential/readme.md#permissions)
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* [Octal number system](./essential/readme.md#octal-number-system)
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* [Changing permissions](./essential/readme.md#changing-permissions)
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||||||
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* [Changing ownership](./essential/readme.md#changing-ownership)
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||||||
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* [Remote control of a server](./essential/readme.md#remote-control-of-a-server)
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||||||
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* [History](./essential/readme.md#history)
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* [SSH and SFTP](./essential/readme.md#ssh-and-sftp)
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* [Bandit](./essential/readme.md#bandit)
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|
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# Planning
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# Planning
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|
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## Essential
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## Essential
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|
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||||||
### Day 1
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### Day 1
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||||||
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* Introduction to Linux and it's history
|
* [Introduction to Linux](./essential/readme.md#introduction-to-linux)
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* How to create a virtual machine
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* [Where does Linux originate from?](./essential/readme.md#where-does-linux-originate-from)
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* Breakdown of the Debian installation
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* [Who is behind this project?](./essential/readme.md#who-is-behind-this-project)
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* Install your own graphical Debian installation with gnome as graphical interface
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* [What is the deal with 'GNU-slash-Linux'?](./essential/readme.md#what-is-the-deal-with-gnu-slash-linux)
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* Explain the concept of a package manager
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* [Where can you <em>get</em> some Linux?](./essential/readme.md#where-can-you-get-some-linux)
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* Install VLC via the graphical software tool
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* [Debian](./essential/readme.md#debian)
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* Introduction to the command line
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* [How to create a virtual machine](./essential/readme.md#how-to-create-a-virtual-machine)
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* Install `htop` via `apt`
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* [Breakdown of the Debian installation](./essential/readme.md#breakdown-of-the-debian-installation)
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||||||
* Add a secondary desktop environment (XFCE or LXDE) via `tasksel` and explore it's footprint
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise)
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* Disable the window manager via `systemctl`
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* [Quick look at an idle system](./essential/readme.md#quick-look-at-an-idle-system)
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* Install a minimal Debian machine and add some software to it (htop, bmon, ...) as an exercise
|
* [Package managers](./essential/readme.md#package-managers)
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|
* [Graphical installation](./essential/readme.md#graphical-installation)
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||||||
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* [Command line installation](./essential/readme.md#command-line-installation)
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||||||
|
* [Adding a secondary desktop environment](./essential/readme.md#adding-a-secondary-desktop-environment)
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* [Changing the runlevel](./essential/readme.md#changing-the-runlevel)
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* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-1)
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### Day 2
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### Day 2
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* Install the guest additions to the main Debian machine
|
* [Guest additions](./essential/readme.md#guest-additions)
|
||||||
|
* [Introduction to the command line](./essential/readme.md#introduction-to-the-command-line)
|
||||||
|
* [Compiled vs interpreted](./essential/readme.md#compiled-vs-interpreted)
|
||||||
|
* [Note on file extensions](./essential/readme.md#note-on-file-extensions)
|
||||||
|
* [More about paths](./essential/readme.md#more-about-paths)
|
||||||
|
* [Absolute and relative paths](./essential/readme.md#absolute-and-relative-paths)
|
||||||
|
* [root and / and /root are not the same thing](./essential/readme.md#root-and---and-root-are-not-the-same-thing)
|
||||||
|
* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-2)
|
||||||
|
* [A pit stop to review what we've learned so far](./essential/readme.md#a-pit-stop-to-review-what-weve-learned-so-far)
|
||||||
|
* [Arguments and flags](./essential/readme.md#arguments-and-flags)
|
||||||
|
* [Getting help](./essential/readme.md#getting-help)
|
||||||
|
* [Options](./essential/readme.md#options)
|
||||||
|
* [Manuals](./essential/readme.md#manuals)
|
||||||
|
* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-3)
|
||||||
|
* [Creating, modifying and deleting](./essential/readme.md#creating-modifying-and-deleting)
|
||||||
|
* [Directories](./essential/readme.md#directories)
|
||||||
|
* [Files](./essential/readme.md#files)
|
||||||
|
* [nano](./essential/readme.md#nano)
|
||||||
|
* [vi and vim](./essential/readme.md#vi-and-vim)
|
||||||
|
* [Exercise](./essential/readme.md#exercise-4)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Day 3
|
### Day 3
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Install `openssh-server`
|
* [Finding stuff](./essential/readme.md#finding-stuff)
|
||||||
|
* [Finding files](./essential/readme.md#finding-files)
|
||||||
|
* [Searching inside files](./essential/readme.md#searching-inside-files)
|
||||||
|
* [Wildcards and regular expressions](./essential/readme.md#wildcards-and-regular-expressions)
|
||||||
|
* [Pipes and redirects](./essential/readme.md#pipes-and-redirects)
|
||||||
|
* [Users](./essential/readme.md#users)
|
||||||
|
* [Adding and removing users](./essential/readme.md#adding-and-removing-users)
|
||||||
|
* [Switching user](./essential/readme.md#switching-user)
|
||||||
|
* [Permissions](./essential/readme.md#permissions)
|
||||||
|
* [Octal number system](./essential/readme.md#octal-number-system)
|
||||||
|
* [Changing permissions](./essential/readme.md#changing-permissions)
|
||||||
|
* [Changing ownership](./essential/readme.md#changing-ownership)
|
||||||
|
* [Remote control of a server](./essential/readme.md#remote-control-of-a-server)
|
||||||
|
* [History](./essential/readme.md#history)
|
||||||
|
* [SSH and SFTP](./essential/readme.md#ssh-and-sftp)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Day 4
|
### Day 4
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* over the wire bandit game
|
* [Bandit](./essential/readme.md#bandit)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Day 5
|
### Day 5
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* over the wire bandit game
|
* [Bandit](./essential/readme.md#bandit)
|
||||||
* time for Q and A
|
* [Moving forward](./essential/readme.md#moving-forward)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## CCNA
|
## CCNA
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue