diff --git a/essential/readme.md b/essential/readme.md index 530c019..34cb6bd 100644 --- a/essential/readme.md +++ b/essential/readme.md @@ -157,16 +157,31 @@ waldek@hellodebian:~$ ![htop](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_25.png) ![htop](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_51.png) + +The *menu bar* at the bottom shows you can press **F10** to quit. +This does not work because of a shortcut of gnome-terminal! +You can deactivate this shortcut in the preferences though. +But pressing **q** also exits the program. + ![htop bug with gnome-terminal](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_19_35.png) ### Adding a secondary desktop environment +During the initial installation we where offered a choice of desktop environments to install. +This menu was an actual program called `tasksel` we can run again to add different ones! +As it's a program that can heavily modify the system, we need administrator privileges. + +```bash +waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo tasksel +[sudo] password for waldek: +``` + ![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_21_33.png) ![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_33.png) ![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_47.png) ![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_23_57.png) -### Changing the runlevel +## Changing the runlevel The **first** process started by the kernel can be discover by `htop` and is `/usr/sbin/init`. This is rather vague but we can find out a *bit* more about this program via `ls` which we'll get into more detail later. @@ -206,9 +221,17 @@ Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/multi waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo reboot now ``` +After the reboot you'll be confronted with the following screen. +Don't stress, your machine is not broken! +It's just running in a more *minimal* mode. +You can log in just as with the graphical login window but you'll only have a command line to interact with the machine. +A quick look at `htop` tells us not a lot of stuff is running, just the bare minimum. + ![minimal runlevel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_00.png) ![minimal runlevel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_11.png) +To *undo* this change and regain the graphical interface again you can run the following commands. + ```bash waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target [sudo] password for waldek: @@ -217,4 +240,10 @@ Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/graph waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo reboot now ``` +## Exercise +Please create a second virtual machine and install a **minimal** Debian. +Minimal means **no graphical environment**. +I advise you to **not** set a root password. +Once this machine is up and running, install a few programs. +The only one we saw up until now is `htop` but maybe try out `bmon`, `elinks` and/or `ranger`.