diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_25.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_25.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f31145f Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_25.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_51.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_51.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2095a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_51.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_19_35.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_19_35.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9af10c Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_19_35.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_21_33.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_21_33.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c986fb3 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_21_33.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_33.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_33.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbbf652 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_33.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_47.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_47.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c65c184 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_47.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_23_57.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_23_57.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..378f419 Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_23_57.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_00.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_00.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce8e57e Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_00.png differ diff --git a/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_11.png b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_11.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52fcfef Binary files /dev/null and b/assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_11.png differ diff --git a/essential/readme.md b/essential/readme.md index 63e1eef..530c019 100644 --- a/essential/readme.md +++ b/essential/readme.md @@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ Step by step walk-through of a VM creation in virtualbox with some notes on each ![virtualbox setup](../assets/2022-02-18-123011_1920x1080_scrot.png) ![virtualbox setup](../assets/2022-02-18-123047_1920x1080_scrot.png) ![virtualbox setup](../assets/2022-02-18-123121_1920x1080_scrot.png) -![virtualbox setup](../assets/2022-02-18-123142_1920x1080_scrot.png) ## Breakdown of the Debian installation @@ -102,19 +101,120 @@ Which software is installed by default? How can you tweak the system settings such as language, keyboard, networking? Can you install extra software? +## Quick look at an idle system + +![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_53_40.png) +![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_54_33.png) +![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_54_41.png) + ## Package managers * what is a [package manager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_manager) +### Graphical installation + ![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_51_24.png) ![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_52_06.png) ![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_52_15.png) ![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_52_36.png) ![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_52_46.png) ![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_52_53.png) -![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_53_40.png) -![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_54_33.png) -![Debian installation](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_12_54_41.png) - + +### Command line installation + +```bash +waldek@hellodebian:~$ htop +-bash: htop: command not found +waldek@hellodebian:~$ apt install htop +E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied) +E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root? +waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo apt install htop +[sudo] password for waldek: +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree... Done +Reading state information... Done +Suggested packages: + lm-sensors strace +The following NEW packages will be installed: + htop +0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. +Need to get 127 kB of archives. +After this operation, 328 kB of additional disk space will be used. +Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 htop amd64 3.0.5-7 [127 kB] +Fetched 127 kB in 0s (2,030 kB/s) +Selecting previously unselected package htop. +(Reading database ... 141359 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack .../htop_3.0.5-7_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking htop (3.0.5-7) ... +Setting up htop (3.0.5-7) ... +Processing triggers for mailcap (3.69) ... +Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1) ... +Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... +Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1) ... +Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ... +waldek@hellodebian:~$ +``` + +![htop](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_25.png) +![htop](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_18_51.png) +![htop bug with gnome-terminal](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_19_35.png) + +### Adding a secondary desktop environment + +![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_21_33.png) +![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_33.png) +![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_22_47.png) +![tasksel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_23_57.png) + +### Changing the runlevel + +The **first** process started by the kernel can be discover by `htop` and is `/usr/sbin/init`. +This is rather vague but we can find out a *bit* more about this program via `ls` which we'll get into more detail later. +For now just have a look at the output of the following commmand. + +```bash +waldek@hellodebian:~$ ls -l /usr/sbin/init +lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Jul 13 2021 /usr/sbin/init -> /lib/systemd/systemd +waldek@hellodebian:~$ +``` + +Now, what *is* this [systemd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd)? +And more importantly, *how* do we interact with it? +For now just accept that the main program to communicate with `systemd` is `systemctl`. +A quick look at the `man` pages gives us the following. + +```bash +SYSTEMCTL(1) systemctl SYSTEMCTL(1) + +NAME + systemctl - Control the systemd system and service manager + +SYNOPSIS + systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [UNIT...] + +DESCRIPTION + systemctl may be used to introspect and control the state of the "systemd" system and service manager. Please refer to systemd(1) for an + introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this tool manages. + +``` + +```bash +waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target +[sudo] password for waldek: +Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target. +Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target. +waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo reboot now +``` + +![minimal runlevel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_00.png) +![minimal runlevel](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_13_40_11.png) + +```bash +waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target +[sudo] password for waldek: +Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target. +Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target. +waldek@hellodebian:~$ sudo reboot now +```