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z+d250TBrV1JMgbC2#klt?gwHejY%lH*Olk2us%4p(hJV_*v#B9nVcs*4)*-Qt^gD0 zNmkY&N?VBZfl3VeQUI(TqFi%8$qTrifud(sxYAyOJh0edAVg`}F3-c!CW-41qS^fY zVuQn>r)V%C0n3ie;O5#;usM0c+$r&JFe(!TR#_3~qhmj_fYUgyB0Kd!^@B@;jccA` zwpR`}bAdUagy#oi5g0gQ&s2!2wQ-K{VBFT`yFz3i&Tu CVLs9T literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/essential/readme.md b/essential/readme.md index 39d313e..68abc88 100644 --- a/essential/readme.md +++ b/essential/readme.md @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ You can verify the disk's content via the files explorer in gnome. Now, open a terminal and run the following. ``` -waldek@hellodebian:/media/cdrom0$ cd /media/cdrom0/ +waldek@hellodebian:~$ cd /media/cdrom0/ waldek@hellodebian:/media/cdrom0$ ls AUTORUN.INF NT3x TRANS.TBL VBoxLinuxAdditions.run VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe autorun.sh OS2 VBoxDarwinAdditions.pkg VBoxSolarisAdditions.pkg VBoxWindowsAdditions-x86.exe @@ -348,3 +348,67 @@ Once the machine is rebooted you'll can resize the window and the screen resolut You can also enable copy/paste and drag and drop between your host and VM now. ![full screen](../assets/VirtualBox_debian_18_02_2022_15_08_01.png) + +## Introduction to the command line + +We'll be using a few new *words* to reference the command line such as *shell*, *bash* and *terminal* through out the course. +They all pretty much mean the same thing but with some small, and not so important, differences between them. +Essentially a command line is a **textual interface** for humans to operate a computer. +What is very important to understand is that textual command and graphical actions operate on the same computer. +For example, if you create a file via the command line, it will show up in you file explorer and vice versa. +The graphical and textual interfaces are just different *representations* of the same machine. + +Now open up a terminal and you'll see the following. + +``` +waldek@hellodebian:~$ +``` + +This is what we call a [prompt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command_prompt). +It's not much but it's our *window* into the computer. +As with most things in life you can question it's *who, where, what and when*. +This information is actually **embedded** in the prompt. +Let's break it down. + +* `waldek` is **who** I am on this computer +* `hellodebian` is the **what**, as in what computer I'm operating on +* `~` is **where** I am located on this computer + +What about the *when* then? +Let's type in `date` and see what happens. + +``` +waldek@hellodebian:~$ date +Fri 18 Feb 2022 03:46:59 PM CET +waldek@hellodebian:~$ +``` + +There we see our **when**! +But this miniscule operation illustrates us the **fundamental** operation of a command line! + +1. we have a prompt where we can run a program +2. the program runs and outputs it's information on the terminal +3. once the program **finishes** we can run an other program + +I'm deliberately saying program here but is `date` *really* a program? +It's a bit basic no? +Well, it is a program and most *commands* you'll type into your terminal are actually programs. +We can illustrate this as follows. + +``` +waldek@hellodebian:~$ vlc +VLC media player 3.0.16 Vetinari (revision 3.0.13-8-g41878ff4f2) +[0000559c46ee95b0] main libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface. +[0000559c46f89790] main playlist: playlist is empty + +``` + +Vlc is now running and the terminal is *blocked* meaning we can't run other programs or commands in it. +If you try to run the `date` command again, or `ls` or `htop`, it won't work! +Try it out if you don't believe me. +But what happens if you **close** vlc? +The commands you typed get executed! +This is an illustration of the **sequential** nature of a command line. + + +