121 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
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# What we'll learn
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You'll learn **three** things at the same time so don't get discouraged if it feels a bit much at the start.
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Everybody's issues will be in these three different domains and at the beginning it can be difficult to differentiate between them.
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Keep this in mind, everybody has to go through this stage and the *click* comes at different times for different people but everybody clicks at some point!
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The three new things you'll learn:
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1. the **concepts** of programming, most notably Object Orientated Programming (OOP)
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2. the **syntax** of one particular language, in our case Python3
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3. the **tools** needed to start programming in our language of choice
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Within each of these topics there are *subtopics* but there are not bottomless!
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Below is a small overview of how I would subdivide them.
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## Concepts
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The subtopics behind the concept of programming can be sliced (in no particular order) as follows:
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* objects
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* variables
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* conditional logic
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* functions
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* loops
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The concept behind these topics are the same in most languages, it's just *how* you write them that is different.
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This *how* is part of the **syntax** of the language.
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## Syntax
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> In computer science, the syntax of a computer language is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language.
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> This applies both to programming languages, where the document represents source code, and to markup languages, where the document represents data.
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> The syntax of a language defines its surface form.[1] Text-based computer languages are based on sequences of characters,
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The quote above is taken shamelessly from [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)).
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## Tools
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### Writing code
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Scripts are text files, plain and simple.
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So in order to **write** a Python3 script all we need is a text editor.
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Nano, vim, notepad++ all do a good job of editing plain text files but some make it *easier* than others.
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You've noticed that vim colors the code of a shell script no?
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One of the many features of an [IDE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment) is *syntax highlighting*.
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It colors things such as [keywords](https://realpython.com/python-keywords/) which makes our life so much nicer when writing code.
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We'll come back to these features in a bit.
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### Running code
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In order to **run** Python3 code you need the Python3 interpreter.
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This is because when you **execute** your script, the interpreter will **read and execute** each line of the text file **line by line**.
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Most people who want to write and run Python3 code, or any language for that matter, will install an Integrated Development Environment to do so.
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There are no *rules* as to what has to be included for a program to qualify as an IDE but in my opinion they should include:
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* syntax highlighting
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* autocomplete
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* *goto* commands such as goto definition, goto declaration, goto references
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* automatic *pair* opening and closing
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* builtin help navigation
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There is a plethora of IDE's available and you can't really make a *wrong* choice here, but to make the overall learning curve a bit less steep we'll start out with a user friendly IDE, [pycharm](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/installation-guide.html).
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# The python3 shell
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TODO animated overview of the shell and the world of OOP
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# Installing pycharm
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TODO
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# Your first project
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TODO helloworld
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## Simple printing
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## String formatting
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## String replacement
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# Taking input
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TODO say hello program
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## Functions can return something
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# Taking input and evaluation
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TODO say hello plus ask for age
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## Conditional logic
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## Class string methods
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# Coding challenge - Celsius to Fahrenheit converter
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# Creating your own functions
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TODO pretty_print
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## Functions that *do* something
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## Functions that *return* something
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# Writing your first library
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TODO import pretty print
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## What are libraries?
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## How do we write libraries?
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## What is `__name__ == "__main__"`?
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# Using the standard library
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TODO import random exercise
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