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adds the hangman multi level spoilers

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waldek 2022-04-26 22:41:09 +02:00
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learning_python3.md
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@ -351,11 +351,11 @@ Let's convert the quote below to logical statements.
```python3 ```python3
age = 35 age = 35
if age < 27: if age < 27:
print("you are still very young, enjoy it!") print("you are still very young, enjoy it!")
elif age > 27: elif age > 27:
print("watch out for those hips oldie...") print("watch out for those hips oldie...")
else: else:
print("you are at a dangerous crossroad in life!") print("you are at a dangerous crossroad in life!")
``` ```
⛑ **Do not fight the automatic indentation in your IDE! Pycharm is intelligent enough to know when to indent so if it does not indent by itself, you probably made a syntax error.** ⛑ **Do not fight the automatic indentation in your IDE! Pycharm is intelligent enough to know when to indent so if it does not indent by itself, you probably made a syntax error.**
@ -372,17 +372,17 @@ name = input("What is you name?")
age = input("What is you age?") age = input("What is you age?")
if age.isdigit(): if age.isdigit():
age = int(age) age = int(age)
else: else:
print("{} is not a valid age".format(age)) print("{} is not a valid age".format(age))
exit(1) exit(1)
if age < 27: if age < 27:
print("My god {}, you are still very young, enjoy it!".format(name)) print("My god {}, you are still very young, enjoy it!".format(name))
elif age > 27: elif age > 27:
print("Wow {}! Watch out for those hips oldie...".format(name)) print("Wow {}! Watch out for those hips oldie...".format(name))
else: else:
print("{}, you are at a dangerous crossroad in life!".format(name.capitalize())) print("{}, you are at a dangerous crossroad in life!".format(name.capitalize()))
``` ```
An object of the type `str` has multiple **methods** that can be applied on itself. An object of the type `str` has multiple **methods** that can be applied on itself.
@ -599,8 +599,8 @@ Here is a basic abstraction with a correct syntax.
```python3 ```python3
def first_function(): def first_function():
print("I'm a function") print("I'm a function")
print("Hear me roar!") print("Hear me roar!")
``` ```
⛑ **Do not fight the indentation, it's part of the syntax of python!** ⛑ **Do not fight the indentation, it's part of the syntax of python!**
@ -612,8 +612,8 @@ This is done as follows.
```python3 ```python3
def first_function(): def first_function():
print("I'm a function") print("I'm a function")
print("Hear me roar!") print("Hear me roar!")
first_function() first_function()
``` ```
@ -636,10 +636,10 @@ Below we create **one** function to bake the cake, and call it **three** times t
```python3 ```python3
def bake_chocolate_cake(): def bake_chocolate_cake():
print("mix the base ingredients") print("mix the base ingredients")
print("add the chocolate flavour") print("add the chocolate flavour")
print("put in the oven") print("put in the oven")
print("enjoy!") print("enjoy!")
bake_chocolate_cake() bake_chocolate_cake()
bake_chocolate_cake() bake_chocolate_cake()
@ -651,16 +651,16 @@ Easy, we'll just write a second function for that purpose.
```python3 ```python3
def bake_chocolate_cake(): def bake_chocolate_cake():
print("mix the base ingredients") print("mix the base ingredients")
print("add the chocolate flavour") print("add the chocolate flavour")
print("put in the oven") print("put in the oven")
print("enjoy!") print("enjoy!")
def bake_vanilla_cake(): def bake_vanilla_cake():
print("mix the base ingredients") print("mix the base ingredients")
print("add the vanilla flavour") print("add the vanilla flavour")
print("put in the oven") print("put in the oven")
print("enjoy!") print("enjoy!")
bake_chocolate_cake() bake_chocolate_cake()
bake_chocolate_cake() bake_chocolate_cake()
@ -678,10 +678,10 @@ This can be done with arguments.
```python3 ```python3
def bake_cake(flavor): def bake_cake(flavor):
print("mix the base ingredients") print("mix the base ingredients")
print("add the {} flavor".format(flavor)) print("add the {} flavor".format(flavor))
print("put in the oven") print("put in the oven")
print("enjoy!") print("enjoy!")
bake_cake("chocolate") bake_cake("chocolate")
bake_cake("vanilla") bake_cake("vanilla")
@ -733,8 +733,8 @@ This will give an `UnboundLocalError: local variable 'name' referenced before as
name = "Wouter" name = "Wouter"
def function_scope(): def function_scope():
print("inside the function", name) print("inside the function", name)
name = "Alice" name = "Alice"
function_scope() function_scope()
@ -748,9 +748,9 @@ This is done as follows with the `global` keyword.
name = "Wouter" name = "Wouter"
def function_scope(): def function_scope():
global name global name
print("inside the function", name) print("inside the function", name)
name = "Alice" name = "Alice"
function_scope() function_scope()
@ -810,10 +810,10 @@ As an extra challenge you could return a [multi line string](https://www.askpyth
```python3 ```python3
def pretty_print(msg, decorator="#"): def pretty_print(msg, decorator="#"):
line_len = len(msg) + (len(decorator) * 2) + 2 line_len = len(msg) + (len(decorator) * 2) + 2
print(decorator * line_len) print(decorator * line_len)
print("{} {} {}".format(decorator, msg, decorator)) print("{} {} {}".format(decorator, msg, decorator))
print(decorator * line_len) print(decorator * line_len)
pretty_print("Wouter") pretty_print("Wouter")
pretty_print("Python rules!") pretty_print("Python rules!")
@ -941,11 +941,11 @@ This opens up a **second tab** in your editor window with a `datetime.py` file i
In this file your cursor should have jumped to the following code. In this file your cursor should have jumped to the following code.
```python3 ```python3
@classmethod @classmethod
def now(cls, tz=None): def now(cls, tz=None):
"Construct a datetime from time.time() and optional time zone info." "Construct a datetime from time.time() and optional time zone info."
t = _time.time() t = _time.time()
return cls.fromtimestamp(t, tz) return cls.fromtimestamp(t, tz)
``` ```
What does this look like? What does this look like?
@ -968,10 +968,10 @@ I have code along these lines.
```python3 ```python3
def pretty_print(msg, decorator="#"): def pretty_print(msg, decorator="#"):
line_len = len(msg) + (len(decorator) * 2) + 2 line_len = len(msg) + (len(decorator) * 2) + 2
print(decorator * line_len) print(decorator * line_len)
print("{} {} {}".format(decorator, msg, decorator)) print("{} {} {}".format(decorator, msg, decorator))
print(decorator * line_len) print(decorator * line_len)
pretty_print("Wouter") pretty_print("Wouter")
@ -1178,9 +1178,9 @@ counter = 0
print("before the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("before the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
while counter <= 10: while counter <= 10:
print("inside the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("inside the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
counter += 1 counter += 1
time.sleep(1) time.sleep(1)
print("after the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("after the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
``` ```
@ -1203,9 +1203,9 @@ counter = 0
print("before the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("before the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
while True: while True:
print("inside the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("inside the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
counter += 1 counter += 1
time.sleep(1) time.sleep(1)
print("after the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("after the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
``` ```
@ -1222,12 +1222,12 @@ counter = 0
print("before the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("before the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
while True: while True:
print("inside the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("inside the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
counter += 1 counter += 1
if counter >= 10: if counter >= 10:
print("I'll break now!") print("I'll break now!")
break break
time.sleep(1) time.sleep(1)
print("after the loop, counter: {}".format(counter)) print("after the loop, counter: {}".format(counter))
``` ```
@ -1529,8 +1529,8 @@ friends = ["max", "mike", "alice", "steve", "rosa", "hans"]
print("The door opens and in walk my {} friends!".format(len(friends))) print("The door opens and in walk my {} friends!".format(len(friends)))
for friend in friends: for friend in friends:
print("Hello {}!".format(friend.capitalize())) print("Hello {}!".format(friend.capitalize()))
time.sleep(1) time.sleep(1)
print("{} closes the door behind him...".format(friend.capitalize())) print("{} closes the door behind him...".format(friend.capitalize()))
``` ```
@ -2471,7 +2471,7 @@ Throughout the day 4 buses will pass by and each bus has 30 seats on it.
* How many people are left at each stop at the end of the day? * How many people are left at each stop at the end of the day?
* How many buses would the bus line need in order to get everybody to the terminal? * How many buses would the bus line need in order to get everybody to the terminal?
* What if at each stop 10% of the people on the bus get off? * What if at each stop 10% of the people on the bus get off?
| bus stop | people waiting | | bus stop | people waiting |
|-------------------|----------------| |-------------------|----------------|
@ -3137,6 +3137,601 @@ When looking at the game above we can break down the game logic as follows.
7. A winning banner is shown 7. A winning banner is shown
8. The player is asked to play a new game or not. 8. The player is asked to play a new game or not.
### A non object orientated solution
You can try to create the hangman game in multiple stages.
Below you can find multi level hints towards a solution.
<details>
<summary>Spoiler warning</summary>
<details>
<summary>First hint</summary>
```python
import random
def get_random_word():
pass
def ask_for_letter():
pass
def is_letter_in_word():
pass
def show_hidden_word():
pass
def show_end_game(status):
pass
def game():
pass
def ask_new_game():
pass
def main():
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>Second hint</summary>
```python
import random
def get_random_word():
pass
def ask_for_letter():
pass
def is_letter_in_word(letter, word):
pass
def show_hidden_word(word, letters_found):
pass
def show_end_game(status):
pass
def game():
pass
def ask_new_game():
pass
def main():
while True:
status = game()
show_end_game(status)
status = ask_new_game()
if not status:
break
print("bye bye!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>Possible solution</summary>
```python
import random
def get_random_word():
words = ["hello", "world", "apple", "banana", "hippopotamus"]
return random.choice(words)
def ask_for_letter():
while True:
letter = input("your letter please: ")
if len(letter) != 1:
print("only one letter! no cheating!")
continue
if not letter.isalpha():
print("letters please, no numbers nor spaces...")
continue
else:
break
return letter.lower()
def is_letter_in_word(letter, word):
if letter in word:
return True
return False
def show_hidden_word(word, letters_found):
hidden = ""
for letter in word:
if letter in letters_found:
hidden += letter
else:
hidden += "*"
print("word to find: {}".format(hidden))
if "*" in hidden:
return False
return True
def show_end_game(status):
if status:
print("good job!")
else:
print("better luck next time...")
def game():
word_to_guess = get_random_word()
letters_found = []
difficulty = len(word_to_guess) * 3
while len(letters_found) <= difficulty:
left = difficulty - len(letters_found)
print("you have {} tries left".format(left))
status = show_hidden_word(word_to_guess, letters_found)
if status:
return True
letter = ask_for_letter()
letters_found.append(letter)
return False
def ask_new_game():
while True:
result = input("do you want to play a new game?").lower()
if result.startswith("y"):
status = True
break
elif result.startswith("n"):
status = False
break
else:
print("please answer y(es) or n(o)")
return status
def main():
while True:
status = game()
show_end_game(status)
status = ask_new_game()
if not status:
break
print("bye bye!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
```
</details>
</details>
### An object orientated solution
You can try to create the hangman game in multiple stages.
Below you can find multi level hints towards a solution.
<details>
<summary>Spoiler warning</summary>
<details>
<summary>First hint</summary>
```python
import random
class Word(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def __iter__(self):
pass
def __len__(self):
pass
def is_letter_in_word(self):
pass
class Game(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def play_turn(self):
pass
def get_hidden_word(self):
pass
def is_word_found(self):
pass
class Controller(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def set_view(self):
pass
def submit_letter(self):
pass
def request_hidden_word(self):
pass
def request_new_game(self):
pass
class CommandLineInterface(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def ask_for_letter(self):
pass
def ask_for_bool(self):
pass
def show_message(self):
pass
def run(self):
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
pass
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>Second hint</summary>
```python
import random
class Word(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def __iter__(self):
pass
def __len__(self):
pass
def is_letter_in_word(self, letter):
pass
class Game(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def play_turn(self, letter):
pass
def get_hidden_word(self):
pass
def is_word_found(self):
pass
class Controller(object):
def __init__(self, model):
pass
def set_view(self, view):
pass
def submit_letter(self, letter):
pass
def request_hidden_word(self):
pass
def request_new_game(self):
pass
class CommandLineInterface(object):
def __init__(self, controller):
pass
def ask_for_letter(self):
pass
def ask_for_bool(self, msg):
pass
def show_message(self, msg):
pass
def run(self):
pass
if __name__ == "__main__":
model = Game()
controller = Controller(model)
view = CommandLineInterface(controller)
controller.set_view(view)
view.run()
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>Third hint</summary>
```python
import random
class Word(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def __iter__(self):
pass
def __len__(self):
pass
def is_letter_in_word(self, letter):
pass
class Game(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def play_turn(self, letter):
pass
def get_hidden_word(self):
pass
def is_word_found(self):
pass
class Controller(object):
def __init__(self, model):
pass
def set_view(self, view):
pass
def submit_letter(self, letter):
pass
def request_hidden_word(self):
pass
def request_new_game(self):
pass
class CommandLineInterface(object):
def __init__(self, controller):
pass
def ask_for_letter(self):
pass
def ask_for_bool(self, msg):
pass
def show_message(self, msg):
pass
def run(self):
while True:
self.controller.request_hidden_word()
letter = self.ask_for_letter()
status = self.controller.submit_letter(letter)
if status:
status = self.ask_for_bool("do you want to play a new game?")
if status:
self.controller.request_new_game()
else:
break
self.show_message("bye bye!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
model = Game()
controller = Controller(model)
view = CommandLineInterface(controller)
controller.set_view(view)
view.run()
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>Possible solution</summary>
```python
import random
DB = ["hello", "world", "apple", "banana", "hippopotamus"]
class Word(object):
def __init__(self):
self.data = list(random.choice(DB))
def __iter__(self):
for element in self.data:
yield element
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
def is_letter_in_word(self, letter):
if letter in self.data:
return True
else:
return False
class Game(object):
def __init__(self):
self.word = Word()
self.tries = len(self.word) * 3
self.letters_found = []
def play_turn(self, letter):
if self.tries == 0:
return False
self.letters_found.append(letter)
if self.word.is_letter_in_word(letter):
if self.is_word_found():
return True
self.tries -= 1
return None
def get_hidden_word(self):
hidden = ""
for letter in self.word:
if letter in self.letters_found:
hidden += letter
else:
hidden += "*"
return hidden
def is_word_found(self):
word = self.get_hidden_word()
if "*" in word:
return False
else:
return True
class Controller(object):
def __init__(self, model):
if isinstance(model, Game):
self.model = model
def set_view(self, view):
if isinstance(view, CommandLineInterface):
self.view = view
def submit_letter(self, letter):
status = self.model.play_turn(letter)
if status:
self.view.show_message("congragulations! you found it!")
return True
elif status == False:
self.view.show_message("better luck next time...")
return True
else:
self.view.show_message("you have {} tries left".format(self.model.tries))
def request_hidden_word(self):
self.view.show_message(self.model.get_hidden_word())
def request_new_game(self):
self.model = Game()
class CommandLineInterface(object):
def __init__(self, controller):
self.controller = controller
def ask_for_letter(self):
while True:
letter = input("your letter please: ")
if len(letter) != 1:
print("only one letter! no cheating!")
continue
if not letter.isalpha():
print("letters only please, no numbers nor spaces...")
continue
else:
break
return letter.lower()
def ask_for_bool(self, msg):
while True:
result = input(msg).lower()
if result.startswith("y"):
status = True
break
elif result.startswith("n"):
status = False
break
else:
print("please answer y(es) or n(o)")
return status
def show_message(self, msg):
print(msg)
def run(self):
while True:
self.controller.request_hidden_word()
letter = self.ask_for_letter()
status = self.controller.submit_letter(letter)
if status:
status = self.ask_for_bool("do you want to play a new game?")
if status:
self.controller.request_new_game()
else:
break
self.show_message("bye bye!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
model = Game()
controller = Controller(model)
view = CommandLineInterface(controller)
controller.set_view(view)
view.run()
```
</details>
</details>
## Trivial pursuit multiple choice game ## Trivial pursuit multiple choice game
We can fetch questions for an online [api](https://opentdb.com/api_config.php) to make a game. We can fetch questions for an online [api](https://opentdb.com/api_config.php) to make a game.