ccpq/data/tmp/lpic1_pratice_book_101-500.csv

"Which of the following commands is used to view kernel-related udev events in real time?";"udevls all";"lsudev -f";"udevmon -a";"udevadm monitor"
"Which command enables you to view the current interrupt request (IRQ) assignments?";"view /proc/irq";"cat /proc/interrupts" ;"cat /dev/irq" ;"less /dev/irq"
"Configuration of udev devices is done by working with files in which directory?" ;"/udev/devices" ;"/devices/" ;"/udev/config" ;"/etc/udev"
"Which command is used to automatically load a module and its dependencies?" ;"modprobe" ;"lsmod" ;"insmod" ;"rmmod"
"Which command is used to obtain a list of USB devices?" ;"usb-list" ;"lsusb" ;"ls-usb" ;"ls --usb"
"When working with hotplug devices, you need to gather more information about them through udevadm. Which udevadm command enables you to query the udev database for information on a device?" ;"query" ;"info" ;"getinfo" ;"devinfo"
"Which command can be used to view the kernel ring buffer in order to troubleshoot the boot process?" ;"lsboot" ;"boot-log" ;"krblog" ;"dmesg"
"During the initialization process for a Linux system using SysV init, which runlevel corresponds to single-user mode?" ;"Runlevel 5" ;"Runlevel SU" ;"Runlevel 1" ;"Runlevel 6"
"On a system using SysV init, in which directory are the startup and shutdown scripts for services stored?" ;"/etc/init-d" ;"/etc/init" ;"/etc/sysV" ;"/etc/init.d"
"Which command can be used to reboot a system?" ;"init 6" ;"shutdown -h -t now" ;"init 1" ;"refresh-system"
"When using an SysV init-based system, which command would you use if you make changes to the /etc/inittab file and want those changes to be reloaded without a reboot?" ;"init-refresh" ;"init 6" ;"telinit" ;"reload-inittab"
"Which command displays the current runlevel for a system?" ;"show-level" ;"init --level" ;"sudo init" ;"runlevel"
"Within which folder are systemd unit configuration files stored?" ;"/etc/system.conf.d" ;"/lib/system.conf.d" ;"/lib/systemd/system" ;"/etc/sysconfd"
"Which command is used with systemd in order to list the available service units?" ;"systemd list-units" ;"systemctl list-units" ;"systemd unit-list" ;"systemctl show-units"
"Which option to lspci is used to display both numeric codes and device names?" ;"-numdev" ;"-n" ;"-nn" ;"-devnum"
"Which command can be used to obtain a list of currently loaded kernel modules?" ;"insmod" ;"modlist" ;"ls --modules" ;"lsmod"
"Which option to the modprobe command shows the dependencies for a given module?" ;"--show-options" ;"--list-deps" ;"--show-depends" ;"--list-all"
"Which command can you use to send a message to all users who are currently logged into a system?" ;"cat" ;"wall" ;"tee" ;"ssh"
"Which of the following is a good first troubleshooting step when a hard disk is not detected by the Linux kernel?" ;"Unplug the disk." ;"Check the system BIOS.";"Restart the web server service." ;"Run the disk-detect command."
"Within which directory is information about USB devices stored?" ;"/etc/usbdevices" ;"/var/usb" ;"/lib/sys/usb" ;"/sys/bus/usb/devices"
"If the kernel ring buffer has been overwritten, within which file can you look to find boot messages?" ;"/var/log/bootmessages" ;"/var/log/mail.info" ;"/var/adm/log/boot.info" ;"/var/log/dmesg"
"Which command and option can be used to determine whether a given service is currently loaded?" ;"systemctl --ls" ;"telinit" ;"systemctl status" ;"sysctl -a"
"Which command on a systemd-controlled system would place the system into single-user mode?" ;"systemctl one" ;"systemctl isolate rescue.target" ;"systemctl single-user" ;"systemctl runlevel one"
"Which command on a system controlled by Upstart will reload the configuration files?" ;"initctl reload" ;"systemd reload" ;"upstart --reload" ;"ups -reload"
"When working with a SysV system, which option to chkconfig will display all services and their runlevels?" ;"--reload" ;"--list" ;"--all" ;"--ls"
"A drive connected to USB is considered which type of device?" ;"Medium" ;"Coldplug" ;"Hotplug" ;"Sideplug"
"The system is using a temporary flash USB disk for data mounted at /dev/sda1. You need to remove the disk. Which of the following commands will enable the disk to be safely removed from the system?" ;"usbstop /dev/sda" ;"umount /dev/sda1" ;"unmount /dev/sda1" ;"dev-eject /dev/sda1"
"You have connected a USB disk to the system and need to find out its connection point within the system. Which of the following is the best method for accomplishing this task?" ;"Rebooting the system" ;"Viewing the contents of /var/log/usb.log" ;"Connecting the drive to a USB port that you know the number of" ;"Running dmesg and looking for the disk"
"Which of the following commands will initiate an immediate shutdown of the system?" ;"shutdown -c" ;"halt" ;"systemd stop" ;"stop-system"
"Which option within a systemd service file indicates the program to execute?" ;"StartProgram" ;"ShortCut" ;"ExecStart" ;"Startup"
"Which command will display the default target on a computer running systemd?" ;"systemctl defaults" ;"update-rc.d defaults" ;"systemctl runlevel" ;"systemctl get-default"
"Which option to the systemctl command will change a service so that it runs on the next boot of the system?" ;"enable" ;"startonboot" ;"loadonboot" ;"start"
"Which of the following best describes the /proc filesystem?" ;"/proc contains information about files to be processed." ;"/proc contains configuration files for processes." ;"/proc contains information on currently running processes, including the kernel." ;"/proc contains variable data such as mail and web files."
"Which command will retrieve information about the USB connections on a computer in a tree-like format?" ;"lsusb -tree" ;"lsusb --tree" ;"lsusb -t" ;"usblist --tree"
"What is one reason why a device driver does not appear in the output of lsmod, even though the device is loaded and working properly?";"The use of systemd means that drivers are not required for most devices." ;"The use of initramfs means that support is enabled by default." ;"The system does not need a driver for the device." ;"Support for the device has been compiled directly into the kernel."
"Which option to rmmod will cause the module to wait until it’s no longer in use to unload the module?" ;"-test" ;"-f" ;"-w" ;"-unload"
"You are using a storage area network (SAN) that keeps causing errors on your Linux system due to an improper kernel module created by the SAN vendor. When the SAN sends updates, it causes the filesystem to be mounted as read-only. Which command and option can you use to change the behavior of the filesystem to account for the SAN bug?" ;"mount --continue" ;"tune2fs -e continue" ;"mkfs --no-remount" ;"mount -o remount"
"Within which directory are rules related to udev stored?" ;"/etc/udev.conf" ;"/etc/udev.conf.d" ;"/etc/udev/rules.d" ;"/etc/udev.d"
"Which option to lspci displays the kernel driver in use for the given Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) device?" ;"-t" ;"-k" ;"-n" ;"-a"
"Within which of the following directories will you find blacklist information for modules loaded with modprobe?" ;"/etc/blacklist" ;"/etc/modprobe.d" ;"/etc/blacklist.mod" ;"/etc/modprobe"
"When working with a CentOS 6 system, which command is used to create the initial RAM disk?" ;"mkinit" ;"dracut" ;"mkraminit" ;"mkinitfs"
"Within which file will you find a list of the currently available kernel symbols?" ;"/proc/kernelsyms" ;"/etc/kernel.conf" ;"/etc/lsyms" ;"/proc/kallsyms"
"Which of the following commands can be used to show the various information related to a currently loaded module, including core size and settings for options?" ;"systool -v -m <module>" ;"modinfo -r <module>" ;"lsmod <module>" ;"infmod <module>"
"Which directory contains various elements and configuration information about the kernel such as the release number, domain name, location of modprobe, and other settings?" ;"/proc/sys/kmod" ;"/proc/sys/kernel" ;"/proc/kernel" ;"/proc/kernel/sys"
"Within which directory should systemd unit files that you create be stored?" ;"/etc/system" ;"/etc/systemd/system" ;"/usr/share/systemd" ;"/usr/share/system"
"Which of the following commands should you execute after making changes to systemd service configurations in order for those changes to take effect?" ;"systemd reload" ;"reboot" ;"systemctl daemon-reload" ;"systemctl reboot"
"Which of the following files contains the runlevels for the system along with a reference to the corresponding rc file?  ;"/etc/runlevels" ;"/etc/inittab" ;"/etc/rc" ;"/etc/runlevel"
"Which boot loader can be used for File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystems and might be used for a rescue disk?" ;"SYSBOOT" ;"SYSLINUX" ;"TIELINUX" ;"FATLINUX"
"Which of the following is used to provide an early filesystem-based loading process for key drivers needed to continue the boot process?" ;"bootrd" ;"driverload" ;"initrd" ;"initdrv"
"When booting a system you receive an error similar to "No init found" and are then placed at an initramfs prompt. You need to check the hard drive for errors. Which of the following commands performs an error check on a hard drive partition in Linux?" ;"defrag" ;"fsck" ;"checkfs" ;"chkfs"
"Which of the following commands places the system in single-user mode?" ;"tellinit 1" ;"chginit 1" ;"telinet 1" ;"telinit 1"
"Which of the following commands changes the boot order for the next boot?" ;"efibootmgr -c" ;"efibootmgr -b -B" ;"efibootmgr -o" ;"efibootmgr -n"
"Which boot loader can be used with ISO9660 CD-ROMS?" ;"ISOLINUX" ;"EFIBOOT" ;"ISOFS" ;"BOOTISO"
"Within which directory are systemd user unit files placed by installed packages?" ;"/usr/lib/systemd/user" ;"/usr/lib/systemd/system" ;"/usr/systemd" ;"/usr/system"
"When using Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which of the following files can be used as a boot loader?" ;"shim.uefi" ;"shim.efi" ;"shim.fx" ;"efi.shim
Which directory on a SysV init-based system contains scripts that are used for starting and stopping services?" ;"/etc/rc.int" ;"/etc/boot" ;"/etc/bootscripts" ;"/etc/init.d"
"Which of the following commands is used to find overriding configuration files on a systemd-based system?" ;"diff" ;"systemctl -diff" ;"systemd-delta" ;"systemctl configoverride"
"Which of the following commands on a Red Hat system lists all of the SysV services set to be executed on boot along with their setting for each runlevel?" ;"rlevel" ;"chkconfig --list" ;"bootldr --list" ;"init --bootlist"
"Which of the following commands, executed from within the UEFI shell, controls the boot configuration?" ;"bootcfg" ;"bcfg" ;"grub-install" ;"grcfg"
"Which file must exist within /tftpboot on the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server for a system that will use PXELINUX for its boot loader?" ;"pxelinux.tftp" ;"pxelinux.boot" ;"pxelinux.conf" ;"pxelinux.0"
"Which utility can you use on a Debian or Ubuntu system to manage SysV init scripts, such as setting them to run on boot?" ;"bootorder" ;"bootloader" ;"configchk" ;"update-rc.d
"Which key, pressed during the operating system selection menu, is used to enable editing of the parameters related to boot with GRUB?" ;"v" ;"e" ;"r" ;"y"
"Which systemctl subcommand is used to switch runlevels?" ;"switch" ;"move" ;"runlevel" ;"isolate"
"When examining the /etc/inittab file, which option signifies the default runlevel to which the system will boot?" ;"default" ;"defaultboot" ;"initdefault" ;"defaultlvl"
"Which of the following is used instead of initrd to provide an early filesystem for essential drivers?" ;"initnext" ;"initramfs" ;"initialize" ;"initfs"
"Which of the following commands sets the default systemd target to multi-user?" ;"systemctl set-default multi-user.target" ;"systemd set-default multi-user.target" ;"systemctl set-def muser.target" ;"systemd set-def muser.target"
"When using a shim for booting a UEFI-based system, which of the following files is loaded after shim.efi?" ;"grubx64.cfg" ;"grub.conf" ;"grubx64.efi" ;"efi.boot"
"Within which hierarchy are files from /etc/init.d linked so that the files are executed during the various runlevels of a SysV system?" ;"/etc/rc.S" ;"/etc/rc" ;"/etc/boot/rc" ;"/etc/rc.d"
"What is the name of the unit to which a systemd system is booted in order to start other levels?" ;"default.target" ;"init.target" ;"initial.target" ;"load.target"
"When viewing information in /dev/disk/by-path using the command ls -l, which of the following filenames represents a logical unit number (LUN) from Fibre Channel?" ;"/dev/fc0" ;"pci-0000:1a:00.0-fc-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000" ;"pci-0000:1a:00.0-scsi-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000" ;"/dev/fibre0"
"You have purchased new solid-state drive (SSD) hardware that uses the NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) protocol but cannot find the disks in the normal /dev/sd* location in which you have traditionally found such storage. In which location should you look for these drives?" ;"/dev/nd*" ;"/dev/nvme*" ;"/dev/nv*" ;"/dev/nvme/*"
"Which file contains information about the current md Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) configuration such as the personalities?" ;"/proc/raidinfo" ;"/proc/rhyinfo" ;"/proc/mdraid" ;"/proc/mdstat"
"Which of the following directory hierarchies contains information such as the World Wide Name (WWN) for Fibre Channel?" ;"/sys/class/wwn" ;"/sys/class/fc_host" ;"/sys/class/fclist" ;"/sys/class/fc/wwn"
"Information about logical volumes can be found in which of the following directories?" ;"/dev/lvinfo" ;"/dev/map" ;"/dev/mapper" ;"/dev/lvmap"
"Which of the following commands will examine the PCI subsystem for NVMe-based devices?" ;"psnvme" ;"lsnvme" ;"lspci | grep scsi" ;"lspci | grep -i nvme"
"Which of the following devices is the location of the first Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) tape device detected at boot?" ;"/dev/st1" ;"/dev/sd0" ;"/dev/sd1" ;"/dev/st0"
"Which of the following files should be used to display a message to users prior to logging in locally?" ;"/etc/loginmesg" ;"/etc/logmessage.txt" ;"/etc/issue" ;"/etc/banner"
"Which file contains a message that is displayed after a successful login?" ;"/etc/loginbanner" ;"/etc/issue" ;"/etc/motd" ;"/etc/message"
"Which of the following files can be used to provide a message to users logging in remotely with a protocol such as telnet?" ;"/etc/telnet.msg" ;"/etc/issue.net" ;"/etc/login.msg" ;"/etc/telnet.login"
"Which of the following commands turns off the computer, including removing power, if possible?" ;"systemctl halt" ;"systemctl reboot" ;"systemctl stop" ;"systemctl poweroff"
"Which of the following shutdown commands reboots the system in 15 minutes?" ;"shutdown -r +15" ;"shutdown +15" ;"shutdown -15" ;"shutdown -r 00:15"
"When terminating a process on a SysV init-based system, which command can be used to stop the process?" ;"service" ;"sysv" ;"syscl" ;"servc"
"Which of the following commands show the boot messages captured by systemd?" ;"journalctl -b" ;"systemctl -b" ;"journalctl -bm" ;"journalctl -l"
"Which option to the shutdown command halts or stops the system?" ;"-h" ;"-s" ;"-f" ;"-t"
"Which signal number is used as SIGKILL when used with the kill command?" ;"1" ;"4" ;"9" ;"11"
"Which directory contains rc-related startup scripts on a legacy Debian system?" ;"/etc/init" ;"/etc/inittab" ;"/etc/init.d" ;"/etc/rc.init"
"When attempting to enable an integrated peripheral on a basic input/output system (BIOS) system, what should be done to determine whether the peripheral has been enabled within the BIOS?" ;"Examine boot messages to determine if the kernel has detected the peripheral." ;"Examine /var/log/auth.log for detection of the peripheral." ;"Reboot the system to determine if the device works." ;"Enable the peripheral by removing it from the blacklisted modules."
"Which option to the wall command suppresses the "Broadcast message" banner that normally displays?" ;"-b" ;"-a" ;"-n" ;"-d"
"A Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) disk will use which of the following identifiers?" ;"/dev/hdX" ;"/dev/sataX" ;"/dev/sdX" ;"/disk/sataX"
"Which option given at boot time within the GRUB configuration will boot the system into single-user mode?" ;"single-user" ;"su" ;"single" ;"root"
"During boot of a system with GRUB, which key can be pressed to display the GRUB menu?" ;"Shift" ;"E" ;"V" ;"H"
"When booting, which option can be added to a GRUB configuration line to set or change the root partition at boot time to /dev/sda2?" ;"rootpartition={hd0,2}" ;"root=/dev/sda2" ;"root={hd0,3}" ;"rootpartition=/dev/sda2"
"Which key combination will enable you to edit the kernel options and then boot when using GRUB Legacy?" ;"ESC for editing and then Return to boot" ;"v for editing and then Return to boot" ;"e for editing and then b to boot" ;"v for editing and then b to boot"
"During the boot process for a virtual machine, what is the next step in the boot process after the kernel has taken over the initialization process and initializes devices?" ;"The system BIOS initializes devices." ;"The system is placed in multi-user mode." ;"The boot loader initializes the kernel." ;"The root partition is mounted."
"Where in the filesystem will the EFI system partition (ESP) typically be mounted?" ;"/etc/efi" ;"/efi" ;"/sys/efi" ;"/boot/efi"
"When partitioning a disk for a mail server running postfix, which partition/mounted directory should be the largest in order to allow for mail storage?" ;"/etc" ;"/usr/bin" ;"/mail" ;"/var"
"Which option within GRUB Legacy is used to indicate that a root partition contains a non-Linux kernel?" ;"initrd" ;"non-linux" ;"rootnoverify" ;"root-win"
"Which command will output a new GRUB2 configuration file and send the output to the correct location for booting?" ;"update-grub > /boot/grub/grub.cfg" ;"update-grub boot > /boot/grub.cfg" ;"grub-rc.d" ;"grub-boot"
"What is the maximum number of primary partitions available on an MBR partitioning system?" ;"2" ;"4" ;"1" ;"5"
"Which command is used to update the links and cache for shared libraries on the system?" ;"ldcache" ;"cache-update" ;"link-update" ;"ldconfig"
"Which command and option is used to update a Debian system to the latest software?" ;"apt-update" ;"apt-get upgrade" ;"dpkg -U" ;"apt-cache clean"
"Which option given to a yum command will install a given package?" ;"update" ;"configure" ;"install" ;"get"
"What is the location of the home directory for the root user?" ;"/home/root" ;"/home/su" ;"/root" ;"/"
"When using rpm2cpio, by default the output is sent to which location?" ;"STDOUT" ;"The cpio.out file" ;"The a.out file" ;"The /tmp/cpi.out file"
"Which partition or directory structure typically holds most of the programs for a Linux system?" ;"/etc" ;"/usr" ;"/home" ;"/var"
"Your GRUB Legacy configuration includes a dual-boot option with Linux listed first and another operating system listed second. Which of the following options will boot to the Linux partition by default?" ;"default=linux" ;"default=0" ;"default=1" ;"default=other"
"Which file should you edit when using GRUB2 in order to set things like the timeout?" ;"/etc/default/grub" ;"/etc/grub/boot" ;"/etc/boot/grub.d" ;"/grub.d/boot"
"Which yum option displays the dependencies for the package specified?" ;"list" ;"deplist" ;"dependencies" ;"listdeps"
"Which options for an rpm command will display verbose output for an installation along with progress of the installation?" ;"-ivh" ;"-wvh" ;"--avh" ;"--ins-verbose"
"Which of the following commands adds /usr/local/lib to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using BASH shell?" ;"set PATH=/usr/local/lib" ;"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib" ;"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib" ;"connectpath LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib"
"Which command can be used to download an RPM package without installing it?" ;"yumdl" ;"yumdownloadonly" ;"yumdown" ;"yumdownloader"
"Which command will search for a package named zsh on a Debian system?" ;"apt-cache search zsh" ;"apt-get search zsh" ;"apt-cache locate zsh" ;"apt search zsh"
"Which option within /etc/default/grub is used to configure the default operating system for boot?" ;"GRUB_OS" ;"GRUB_ON" ;"GRUB_DEFAULT" ;"DEFAULT_OS"
"When found in a GRUB configuration file, what does the ro option indicate?" ;"Initially mount the root partition as read-only." ;"Mount the kernel as read-only." ;"Start the init program as read-once." ;"Mount the root partition in Raised Object mode."
"Within which directory will you find the repositories used by yum?" ;"/etc/yum.conf" ;"/etc/repos" ;"/etc/yum.conf.d" ;"/etc/yum.repos.d"
"Which rpm option can be used to verify that no files have been altered since installation?" ;"-V" ;"-v" ;"--verbose" ;"--filesum"
"Which option for the grub-mkconfig command sends output to a file instead of STDOUT?" ;"-stdout" ;"--fileout" ;"-o" ;"-f"
"The presence of menu.lst within the filesystem typically indicates which condition?" ;"GRUB Legacy is in use on the system." ;"GRUB2 is in use on the system." ;"An error has occurred creating the output to menu.lst." ;"The options for rescue boot have been changed."
"Which command is used to determine the libraries on which a given command depends?" ;"ldconfig" ;"librarylist" ;"listdeps" ;"ldd"
"Which of the following is true of Linux swap space?" ;"Swap is used to hold temporary database tables." ;"Swap is used as additional memory when there is insufficient RAM." ;"Swap is used by the mail server for security." ;"Swap is used to scrub data from the network temporarily."
"Which of the following is not typically used to store libraries?" ;"/lib" ;"/etc/lib" ;"/usr/lib" ;"/usr/local/lib"
"Which of the following commands updates the package cache for a Debian system?" ;"apt-get cache-update" ;"apt-cache update" ;"apt-get update" ;"apt-get upgrade"
"Within which file are details of the current package repositories stored on a Debian system?" ;"/etc/apt.list" ;"/etc/sources.list" ;"/etc/apt/sources.list" ;"/etc/apt.d/sources.list"
"Of the following choices, which size would be most appropriate for the /boot partition of a Linux system?" ;"Between 100MB and 500MB" ;"Between 1GB and 10GB" ;"/boot should not be partitioned separately." ;"Less than 5MB"
"Which of the following commands initializes a physical disk partition for use with Logical Volume Manager (LVM)?" ;"lvmcreate" ;"pvcreate" ;"fvcreate" ;"lvinit"
"Which of the following commands installs GRUB into the MBR of the second SATA disk?" ;"grub-install /dev/hdb2" ;"grub-install /dev/sda2";"grub-config /dev/sda" ;"grub-install /dev/sdb"
"Which command should be used to make changes to the choices made when a Debian package was installed?" ;"dpkg-reconfigure" ;"dpkg -r" ;"dpkg --reconf" ;"apt-get reinstall"
"Which command is used to create a logical volume with LVM?" ;"pvcreate" ;"lvmcreate" ;"lvcreate" ;"volcreate"
"What is the logical order for creation of an LVM logical volume?" ;"Physical volume creation, volume group creation, logical volume creation" ;"Physical volume creation, logical volume creation, volume group creation" ;"Logical volume creation, physical volume creation, volume group creation" ;"LVM creation, format, partition"
"Which of the Debian package management tools provides a terminal-based interface for management?" ;"apt-get" ;"dpkg" ;"apt-cache" ;"aptitude"
"Which option for yum performs a search of the package cache?" ;"seek" ;"query" ;"--search" ;"search"
"Which command option for rpm can be used to show the version of the kernel?" ;"rpm kernel" ;"rpm -qa kernel" ;"rpm search kernel" ;"rpm --list kern"
"Assuming a menu entry of Debian in your GRUB configuration, which option in /etc/default/grub would set that as the default operating system to boot?" ;"GRUB_OS" ;"GRUB_OS_DEF" ;"GRUB_DEFAULT" ;"GRUB_CONF"
"Which option in /etc/yum.conf is used to ensure that the kernel is not updated when the system is updated?" ;"exclude=kernel*" ;"exclude-kernel" ;"updatekernel=false" ;"include-except=kernel"
"Which command should be run after making a change to the /etc/default/grub file?" ;"grub" ;"grub-mkconfig" ;"grub-inst" ;"reboot"
"Which command searches for and provides information on a given package on a Debian system, including whether or not the package is currently installed?" ;"dpkg -i" ;"dpkg -s" ;"apt-cache" ;"apt-info"
"Which command is used to search for physical volumes for use with LVM?" ;"lvmcreate" ;"pvcreate" ;"lvmdiskscan" ;"lvmscan"
"Which option added to yumdownloader will also download dependencies?" ;"--deps" ;"--resolve" ;"--resdeps" ;"-d"
"Which of the following installs a previously downloaded Debian package?" ;"dpkg -i <package name>" ;"apt-install <package name>" ;"apt-slash <package name>" ;"dpkg -U <package name>"
"A hard drive is reported as hd(0,0) by the GRUB Legacy configuration file. To which of the following disks and partitions does this correspond?" ;"/dev/hdb2" ;"/dev/hda0" ;"/dev/disk1" ;"/dev/sda1"
"Which filesystem format type is used for the EFI System Partition (ESP)?" ;"FAT" ;"EXT4" ;"NTFS" ;"EXT3"
"Which of the following commands installs extlinux into the /boot partition?" ;"extlinux --install /boot" ;"extlinux --inst /boot" ;"extlinux -boot" ;"extlinux /boot install"
"Which of the following commands mounts /dev/sda1 in the /boot partition?" ;"mount /dev/sda /boot" ;"mount /boot /dev/sda1" ;"mount /dev/sda1 /boot" ;"mount -dev sda1 /boot"
"Which of the following can be identified as an initial sector on a disk that stores information about the disk partitioning and operating system location?" ;"Minimal boot record (MBR)" ;"Master boot record (MBR)" ;"Init sector" ;"Master partition table (MPT)"
"Which option to grub-install will place the GRUB images into an alternate directory?" ;"--boot-dir" ;"-b" ;"-boot" ;"--boot-directory"
"Within which file is a list of the currently mounted filesystems stored?" ;"/etc/fstab" ;"/etc/curmount" ;"/var/spool/files" ;"/etc/mtab"
"Which command is used to activate swap space on a system?" ;"mkswap" ;"swapon" ;"swapact" ;"actswap"
"Which of the following commands displays information about a given physical volume in an LVM setup?" ;"pvdisp" ;"pvlist" ;"pvdisplay" ;"pvl"
"Which of the following commands creates a logical volume with LVM?" ;"lvc" ;"lvcreate" ;"lvlist" ;"lvmake"
"Which of the following commands looks for LVM physical volumes and volume groups involved in an LVM configuration?" ;"vgscan" ;"lvmscan" ;"lvlist" ;"pvlist"
"Which of the following commands is used to display a list of physical volumes involved in LVM?" ;"pvdisp" ;"pvlist" ;"pvscan" ;"pvmm"
"Which option to lvchange sets whether the logical volume is available?" ;"-a" ;"-b" ;"-c" ;"-d"
"When working with a script to create directories, the script is checking to see if srv/vhosts exists. When doing an ls of the root directory, /, you see that it does exist. However, the script does not. What might be the issue?" ;"The script is not executable." ;"The script does not have the setuid bit set." ;"The script is using a relative path." ;"The script is owned by root."
"You are architecting an application and need to choose between application containerization and virtualization. Which of the following describes a difference between application containers and a virtual machine?" ;"An application container can contain only one application whereas a virtual machine can contain many.";"An application container shares the host kernel whereas a virtual machine can have its own kernel." ;"An application container is used for small applications whereas a virtual machine is used for large applications." ;"The use of application containers is for testing only whereas a virtual machine is used for production."
"In addition to including /lib and /usr/lib, where does ldconfig look to find additional directories to incorporate into the library path?" ;"/etc/lib.conf" ;"/etc/ldconf" ;"/etc/lib.cfg" ;"/etc/ld.so.conf"
"You are working with a cloud instance virtual machine deployed with an Infrastructure as-a-Service (IaaS) provider. The virtual machine is running slowly. Which type of resource might you add to the cloud instance in order to improve performance?" ;"Compute" ;"Block storage" ;"Networking" ;"Disk"
"When working with a system to determine if it is using GRUB or GRUB2, the presence of which file indicates that it is GRUB2?" ;"grub.cfg" ;"grub.conf" ;"menu.lst" ;"grub2.conf"
"You are working to create a system image or template from which other virtual machines will be deployed. Which of the following represents a unique item that will change with each deployed virtual host or image?" ;"System directories" ;"MAC address" ;"Guest drivers" ;"Pilot homing"
"Which program can be used to deploy an Ubuntu image to a remote cloud provider?" ;"dep-image" ;"cloud-init" ;"init-cloud" ;"image-dep"
"Which file is used as the primary configuration file for the yum package manager?" ;"/etc/yum.cfg" ;"/etc/yum.d" ;"/etc/yum.conf" ;"/etc/yum.config"
"Which of the following commands and options lists all of the files included with a package on a Debian system?" ;"apt -L" ;"dpkg -L" ;"dpkg -f" ;"apt-get show"
"When working with SSH (Secure Shell) keys for a virtual machine cloud deployment, which key is deployed to the virtual machine so that you can connect from the host?" ;"The public key" ;"The signature file" ;"The private key" ;"Both the public and private keys"
"When using a GPT disk, which partition needs to be created for a Linux system to boot?" ;"/boot/efi" ;"/boot/gpt" ;"/gpt" ;"/vmgpt"
"Which option to zypper installs a package?" ;"install" ;"retr" ;"get" ;"ref"
"You are working with a Fedora 22 system and need to install a package. Which of the following is the default package manager on this system?" ;"yum" ;"apt" ;"dpkg" ;"dnf"
"You need to list the files available on a package on CentOS. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?" ;"repoquery -l" ;"pkgquery -l" ;"dpkg -L" ;"pkglist"
"You need to create a backup of user home directories including root. Which directory or directories need to be included in the backup?" ;"/home" ;"/home and /home/root" ;"/home and /root" ;"/home and /root/home"
"In which file can you find the unique D-Bus machine ID for a given system?" ;"/etc/machine-id" ;"/etc/machineID" ;"/etc/mch.conf" ;"/etc/machine.id.conf"
"Which option to ldconfig can be used to process only those directories given on the command line rather than the directories found in /etc/ld.so.conf?" ;"-n" ;"-i" ;"-v" ;"-r"
"When working with package caches on Debian, you need to determine if the package list is being updated. Which option to apt-cache shows the number of available packages on the system?" ;"packagenum" ;"status" ;"stats" ;"liststatus"
"Which option to grub-install specifies the directory in which the EFI partition is located?" ;"--boot-dir" ;"--efi" ;"--efi-boot" ;"--efi-directory"
"Within which file are mount points for the system stored?" ;"/etc/fstab" ;"/etc/mtab" ;"/etc/partitions.list" ;"/etc/disk.conf"
"Which of the following option sets for rpm lists the files within the package?" ;"lf" ;"qlp" ;"qf" ;"eps"
"When working with a CentOS system, you need to determine the release of a certain package. Which command and option will accomplish this task?" ;"dpkg -i" ;"yum info" ;"yum search" ;"apt search"
"You are using a host machine and are unsure if it supports the extensions to enable virtualization. Which of the following should you look for in /proc/cpuinfo to indicate that the system is ready for virtualization?" ;"vmx" ;"virt" ;"envirt" ;"vtcapable"
"Within which file can you configure a filter for devices when using vgscan?" ;"lvm.conf" ;"vg.conf" ;"vgscan.conf" ;"lv.cfg"
"Which of the following swapon options displays information on the size of swap space along with its used space?" ;"--list" ;"-a" ;"--show" ;"-h"
"Assume that you’re using the Bash shell and want to prevent output redirects from accidentally overwriting existing files. Which command and option can be used to invoke this behavior?" ;"setoutput -f" ;"overwrite=no" ;"overwrite -n" ;"set -C"
"What command can be used to view the current settings for your environment when using Bash?" ;"environment" ;"env" ;"listenv" ;"echoenv"
"Which command is used to access documentation on the Linux computer for a given command?" ;"doc" ;"heredoc" ;"man" ;"manual"
"Which of the following commands will print various information about the kernel and architecture, along with other details?" ;"info --sys" ;"man sys" ;"sysinfo" ;"uname -a"
"When using sed for a substitution operation, which option must be included so that the substitution applies to the entire line rather than just the first instance?" ;"g" ;"a" ;"r" ;"y"
"Which option for the wc command prints the number of lines given as input?" ;"-f" ;"-a" ;"-l" ;"-o"
"What is the default number of lines printed by the head and tail commands, respectively?" ;"10 for head, 5 for tail" ;"5 for head, 10 for tail" ;"10 for both head and tail" ;"3 for both head and tail"
"You are attempting to use rmdir to remove a directory, but there are still multiple files and other directories contained within it. Assuming that you’re sure you want to remove the directory and all of its contents, what is the command and arguments to remove the directory and all of its contents?" ;"rm -f" ;"rm -rf" ;"rmdir -a" ;"rmdir -m"
"Which command will find directories with names beginning with 2014 located beneath the current directory?" ;"find ./ -name "2014"" ;"find ./ -type d -name "2014"" ;"find / -type d "2014"" ;"find ./ -type d -name "2014*""
"Which of the following commands will provide the usernames in a sorted list gathered from the /etc/passwd file?" ;"cat /etc/passwd | awk -F : '{print $1}' | sort" ;"sort /etc/passwd | cut" ;"echo /etc/passwd" ;"cat /etc/passwd | awk '{print $1}' | sort"
"Which options to ls will produce output, including hidden (dot) files, in a list that is ordered such that the newest files are at the end of the output?" ;"-la" ;"-lat" ;"-latr" ;"-ltr"
"What will be the result if the touch command is executed on a file that already exists?" ;"The access time stamp of the file will change to the current time when the touch command was executed." ;"The file will be overwritten." ;"There will be no change."
;"The file will be appended to."
"Which option to both mv and cp will cause the command to prompt before overwriting files that already exist?" ;"-f" ;"-Z" ;"-r" ;"-i"
"Which of the following commands will send the contents of /etc/passwd to both STDOUT and to a file called passwordfile?" ;"cat /etc/passwd > passwordfile" ;"var /etc/passwd | passwordfile" ;"cat /etc/passwd | tee passwordfile" ;"echo /etc/passwd | stdout > passwordfile"
"The current hierarchy on the server contains a directory called /usr/local. You need to create additional directories below that are called /usr/local/test/october. Which command will accomplish this task?" ;"mkdir -p /usr/local/test/october" ;"mkdir /usr/local/test/october" ;"mkdir -r /usr/local/test/october" ;"mkdir -f /usr/local/test/october"
"Which option to the cp command will copy directories in a recursive manner?" ;"-v" ;"-R" ;"-Z" ;"-i"
"You have received a file that does not have a file extension. Which command can you run to help determine what type of file it might be?" ;"grep" ;"telnet" ;"file" ;"export"
"Which command will create an image of the /dev/sda1 disk partition and place that image into a file called output.img?" ;"dd if=sda of=/dev/sda1" ;"dd if=output.img of=/dev/sda1" ;"dd if=/dev/sda1 of=output.img" ;"echo /dev/sda1 > output.img"
"What is the default delimiter used by the cut command?" ;"Colon" ;"Tab" ;"Space" ;"Comma"
"Which of the following will unzip and extract the contents of a file that has been tarred and gzipped?" ;"tar -zxf <file.tgz>" ;"tar -xf <file.tgz>" ;"tar -vz <file.tgz>" ;"tar -fd <file.tgz>"
"What command is used to bring a command to foreground processing after it has been backgrounded with an &?" ;"bg" ;"fore" ;"4g" ;"fg"
"You need to write a script that gathers all of the process IDs for all instances of Apache running on the system. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?" ;"ps auwx | grep apache" ;"pgrep apache" ;"processlist apache" ;"ls -p apache"
"Which of the following command lines would monitor a single process called nagios in a continuous manner?" ;"top -n 1" ;"top -p 23" ;"ps -nagios" ;"top -p`pidof nagios`"
"Users are reporting that various programs are crashing on the server. By examining logs, you see that certain processes are reporting out-of-memory conditions. Which command can you use to see the overall memory usage, including available swap space?" ;"tree" ;"pgrep" ;"uptime" ;"free"
"You are using the Vi editor for changing a file and need to exit. You receive a notice indicating "No write since last change". Assuming you want to save your work, which of the following commands will save your work and exit Vi?" ;":wq" ;":q!" ;"dd" ;"x"
"What option is used to change the number of lines of output for the head and tail commands?" ;"-l" ;"-f" ;"-g" ;"-n"
"Which command can be used to determine the current load average along with information on the amount of time since the last boot of the system?" ;"uptime" ;"sysinfo" ;"bash" ;"ls -u"
"You need to start a long-running process that requires a terminal and foreground processing. However, you cannot leave your terminal window open due to security restrictions.  Which command will enable you to start the process and return at a later time to continue the session?" ;"fg" ;"bg" ;"kill" ;"screen"
"You have attempted to stop a process using its service command and also using the kill command. Which signal can be sent to the process using the kill command in order to force the process to end?" ;"-15" ;"-f" ;"-9" ;"-stop"
"When working in the Bash shell, you need to redirect both STDOUT and STDERR. Which of the following commands will redirect both STDOUT and STDERR?  ;"1>2" ;">2" ;"2>&1" ;">>"
"Which command can be run to determine the default priority for processes spawned by the current user?" ;"prio" ;"nice" ;"renice" ;"defpriority"
"Which of the following egrep commands will examine /etc/passwd to find users who are using either /bin/bash or /usr/bin/zsh for their shell environment?" ;"grep sh /etc/passwd" ;"egrep '/*/.sh$' /etc/passwd" ;"grep '/*/.=sh$' /etc/passwd" ;"egrep '/*/..?sh$' /etc/passwd"
"Which option to the man command accesses a different level of documentation, for example, system call documentation?" ;"man 2 <argument>" ;"progman <argument>" ;"man --sys <argument>" ;"man --list sys"
"When editing with Vi, which command changes to insert mode and opens a new line below the current cursor location?" ;"f" ;"a" ;"o" ;"i"
"Which kill signal can be sent in order to restart a process?" ;"-HUP" ;"-RESTART" ;"-9" ;"-SIG"
"Which of the following commands will display the last 50 lines of your command history when using Bash, including commands from the current session?" ;"bashhist 50" ;"history 50" ;"cat .bash_history" ;"tail -f .bash_history"
"You have backgrounded several tasks using &. Which command can be used to view the current list of running tasks that have been backgrounded?" ;"procs" ;"plist" ;"jobs" ;"free"
"Which of the following commands searches each user’s .bash_history file to determine whether the user has invoked the sudo command?" ;"find /home -name "bash_history" | grep sudo" ;"find /home -name ".bash_history" | xargs grep sudo" ;"find /home/.bash_history | xargs grep sudo" ;"find /home -type history | xargs grep sudo"
"Which command will watch the Apache log at /var/log/httpd/access.log and continually scroll as new log entries are created?";"watch /var/log/httpd/access.log" ;"tail /var/log/httpd/access.log" ;"tail -f /var/log/httpd/access.log" ;"mon /var/log/httpd/access.log"
"You are debugging a configuration file and the daemon indicates there is a problem on line 932. Which of the following commands will prepend line numbers onto the file?" ;"lines" ;"wc -l" ;"newline" ;"nl"
"You receive a file with an .lzma extension. Which command can you use to decompress this file?" ;"xz" ;"lz" ;"gz" ;"bzip"
"Which find command will locate files within the current directory that have been modified within the last 24 hours?" ;"find ./ -type f -mtime 0" ;"find ./ -type f -mtime 24" ;"find ./ -type f -mtime +1" ;"find ./ type -f time 24"
"Which command will move all files with a .txt extension to the /tmp directory?" ;"mv txt* tmp" ;"move *txt /temp" ;"mv *.txt /tmp" ;"mv *.txt tmp"
"Which command prints your current directory?" ;"cwd" ;"curdur" ;"cd" ;"pwd"
"Assume that you have a file called zips.txt that contains several postal ZIP codes and you need to determine how many unique ZIP codes there are in the file. Which of the following commands can be used for that purpose?" ;"sort zips.txt | uniq -c" ;"uniq zips.txt" ;"count zips.txt" ;"cat zips.txt | uniq -c"
"When using Bash, how would you execute the last command starting with a certain string, even if that command was not the last one that you typed?" ;"Precede the command with ! and then the string to search for." ;"Search for the command in history." ;"Precede the command with a ? and then the string to search for." ;"This is not possible with Bash."
"Which command can be used to kill all processes by using their name?" ;"killproc" ;"killname" ;"killall" ;"kill -f"
"You’re working with a large file in Vi and need to search for instances of a string earlier in the file. Which key will search backward in the file?" ;"/" ;"h" ;"?" ;"x"
"You need to declare a local environment variable that will then be available to child processes. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?" ;"ex" ;"echo" ;"dec" ;"export"
"You are creating a Bash shell script and need to output the current script name to the current terminal. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?" ;"cat <CMD>" ;"echo $0" ;"echo $SCRIPT" ;"echo $PS1"
"You have downloaded a file with a .gz extension. What is the most likely command that you will use to decompress this file?" ;"unz" ;"gunzip" ;"hunzip" ;"gzunzip"
"You need to remove a single file from a directory if it exists but would like to be prompted for confirmation before doing so. Which option to the rm command causes the command to prompt for confirmation?" ;"-a" ;"-e" ;"-i" ;"-o"
"You need to determine files that are sized above 1GB. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?" ;"find / -size +1G" ;"find / -size 10000M" ;"find / +1M" ;"find / -size +1B"
"Which option to cpio lists the files as it is operating on them?" ;"-l" ;"-v" ;"-k" ;"-s"
"Which command is used to send contents of a bzip2 archive to STDOUT?" ;"bzout" ;"bzcat" ;"bz2cat" ;"bz2echo"
"You are attempting to find more information about the jobs command; however, an Internet search was not particularly helpful because there are so many Linux-related jobs available. Additionally, you attempted to view the man page for the jobs command but it was not available. Which man page should you use to view more information on jobs?" ;"jbs" ;"procctl" ;"bash" ;"ps"
"You need to start a process that cannot be sent or will not accept a SIGHUP signal. Which command should be used to start the process?" ;"nosig" ;"nohup" ;"nokill" ;"noproc"
"You need to run a command periodically and examine its output in real time. Which of the following commands enables this scenario?" ;"mon" ;"procmon" ;"pgrep" ;"watch"
"You would like to tail a log file to watch entries as they are being added to the log file. In addition, you would also like to work within the same terminal window or SSH (Secure Shell) session to add entries to another file at the same time. Which command can be used to create two sessions within the same terminal window?" ;"screen" ;"tmux" ;"sess" ;"termse"
"You need to kill several processes at once. Rather than writing a complex ps-based command to do so, you can use which other command?";"pkill" ;"psk" ;"pskill" ;"prock"
"You are using pgrep to find the process IDs for a given command. However, several other commands seem to also appear. Which option to pgrep enables matching against the full path of the process?" ;"-f" ;"-d" ;"-o" ;"-i"
"You need to determine the exact command that will be run based on your current environment settings. Which command is used for this purpose?" ;"what" ;"which" ;"find" ;"ls"
"An environment variable has been set on login, but you need to remove that variable temporarily for the current session. Which shell built-in command can be used for this purpose?";"reset" ;"unset" ;"undo" ;"clear"
"You cannot find the man page of a command but you know the command exists. For example, the alias command exists but there is no man page for it. Which of the following commands could you execute to determine what type of command alias is?" ;"type" ;"cmd" ;"uses" ;"listr"
"Which type of quotes are used so that variables are interpolated within a Bash shell script?" ;"Escaped quotes" ;"Single quotes" ;"Double quotes" ;"Side quotes"
"Which of the following pagers includes the ability to search backward and forward as well as move backward and forward, line-by-line, and page-by-page?" ;"more" ;"mplus" ;"less" ;"catch"
"You have a specialized need for outputting a file in octal format. Which command or series of commands can be used for this purpose?" ;"oct" ;"cat <file> | octalf" ;"od" ;"octf"
"Which option to sha256sum causes the file to be read in binary mode?" ;"-i" ;"-b" ;"-c" ;"-p"
"When operating in command mode, which keys enable you to move the cursor in the Vi editor?" ;"a, s, d, f" ;"h, j, k, l" ;"q, w, e, r" ;"z, x, c, v"
"Which options to xz are functionally equivalent to the xzcat program?" ;"decompress and output" ;"output and format" ;"decompress and stdout" ;"stdout and format"
"Which environment variable is used to control the default text editor used on a Linux system?";"EDITOR" ;"EDIT" ;"TEXTEDITOR" ;"DEFAULT_EDITOR"
"You need to examine the seventh section of the manual page for regular expressions, or regex, on a Linux system. Which command displays the seventh section of the manual?" ;"man regex -7" ;"man regex 7" ;"man --page 7 regex" ;"man 7 regex"
"Which of the following commands reprioritizes an already running process?" ;"nice" ;"renice" ;"chnice" ;"altnice"
"The fgrep command is equivalent to running the grep command with which option?" ;"-f" ;"-F" ;"-a" ;"-E"
"Which of the following regular expressions would find the pattern Steve or steve in a file when used with grep?" ;"'[sS]teve'" ;"'[S]*teve'" ;"'^[Ss]teve'" ;"'[$Steve]'"
"Which of the following commands shows the currently running processes and their resource usage in real time, updated every few seconds?" ;"nice" ;"ps" ;"top" ;"procs"
"You have been asked to create a compressed file that will be readable by those with other operating systems. Which tool can you use for this purpose?" ;"gzip" ;"bzip2" ;"xz" ;"tar"
"You need to match files that begin with 201, as in 2017, 2018, 2019. Which of the following wildcard specifications can be used?" ;"201?" ;"201$" ;"201@" ;"201]"
"You need to break a large file into smaller pieces. Which command can be used for this purpose?" ;"cut" ;"split" ;"dice" ;"rem"
"When examining the output from top, you see that a process has a value in the PR column of 20. To what does the PR column refer?" ;"The process ID" ;"The process utilization" ;"The process priority" ;"The processor core on which the process is executing"
"You need to cut or remove eight lines from a file while editing with Vi. Which combination should be used for this purpose?" ;"d7" ;"d8" ;"r8" ;"x7"
"Which command is used in order to decompress a file that has been compressed with xz?" ;"unxz" ;"dexz" ;"xzu" ;"u2xz"
"Which of the following commands uses 128-bit message digests?" ;"sha256sum" ;"sha512sum" ;"sh128sum" ;"md5sum"
"You have several files that need to be combined, with a line from each file being appended onto a single line. Which command can be used for this purpose?" ;"paste" ;"comb" ;"appfile" ;"combo"
"You need to run a command that is not inside your current path. Which of the following represents the typical method for doing so?" ;"Use a fully qualified path for the command." ;"Set the PATH environment variable to include the correct path." ;"Restart the shell environment." ;"Restart the computer for settings to take effect."
"Which signal is used by default by the pkill command?" ;"SIGKILL" ;"SIGTERM" ;"SIGHUP" ;"SIGKS"
"You are working with the jobs built-in command to display jobs. You would like to see only running jobs. Which option to the jobs built-in command will display only running jobs?" ;"-s" ;"-a" ;"-l" ;"-r"
"Which option to the bunzip2 command sends output to STDOUT, much like the bzcat command?" ;"-s" ;"-o" ;"-c" ;"-d"
"Which option best describes the following output from the ls -la command: lrwxrwxrwx. 1       root     root     35   Jul 8 2014 .fetchmailrc -> .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc?" ;"It is a file called .fetchmailrc that is linked using a symbolic link." ;"It is a file called .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc that is owned by lrwxrwxrwx." ;"It is a directory called .fetchmailrc that is owned by user Jul." ;"It is a local directory called .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc."
"Assuming that a USB disk contains a single partition and is made available on /dev/sdb, which command mounts the disk in /media/usb?" ;"mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb" ;"usbconnect /dev/sdb0 /media/usb" ;"mount /dev/sdb0 /media/usb" ;"usbmount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb"
"Which option within a partition-mounting command will cause the partition to be mounted in such a way as to prevent execution of programs?" ;"execless" ;"stoprun" ;"noexec" ;"norun"
"When working with partitions on disk, you see the type 0x82. Which type of partition is this?" ;"Linux" ;"Linux swap" ;"NTFS" ;"FAT"
"Which partition type should be created for a Linux system, non-swap partition?" ;"82" ;"83" ;"84" ;"L"
"Which command can be used to determine the location of a given executable that would be run if typed from your current environment and location?" ;"which" ;"what" ;"whatis" ;"when"
"Which of the following commands will correctly change the group ownership of the file called a.out to users?" ;"chgrp users a.out" ;"chgrp a.out users" ;"groupchg a.out users" ;"grpchg users a.out"
"Another administrator made a change to one of the local scripts used for administrative purposes. The change was also immediately reflected in your copy of the script. However, when examining the file with ls, you see that it appears to be a normal file. What is the likely cause of such a scenario?" ;"The file was executed after edit." ;"The administrator copied the file to yours." ;"Your file is a hard link to the original." ;"The file has been restored from backup."
"Which of the following commands shows the usage of inodes across all filesystems?" ;"df -i" ;"ls -i" ;"du -i" ;"dm -i"
"You’re running fsck on an ext3 filesystem, and the process is taking longer than expected and requiring input from the administrator to fix issues. What option could be added to fsck next time so that the command will automatically attempt to fix errors without intervention?" ;"-o" ;"-V" ;"-y" ;"-f"
"Which of the following describes a primary difference between ext2 and ext3 filesystems?" ;"ext3 was primarily a bug fix update to ext2." ;"ext3 includes journaling for the filesystem." ;"ext3 completely changed the tools needed for management of the disks." ;"ext3 filesystems have no significant differences."
"Which option to umask will display the permissions to be used in a Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) format?" ;"-P" ;"-p" ;"-S" ;"-v"
"Which option to ln creates a symlink to another file?" ;"-sl" ;"-s" ;"-l" ;"--ln"
"Which of the following commands can be used if you need to locate various elements of a given command, such as its binaries and man pages?" ;"whatis" ;"find" ;"whereis" ;"ls"
"Which option in /etc/updatedb.conf will remove a path from inclusion in the results?" ;"PRUNEPATHS" ;"EXCLUDEPATHS" ;"INCLUDEEXCLUDE" ;"SEPARATEPATH"
"According to the filesystem hierarchy standard (FHS), what is the correct location for site-specific data for a server?" ;"/etc" ;"/var" ;"/tmp" ;"/srv"
"Which of the following commands enables the sticky bit for a user on a file called homescript.sh?" ;"chmod +sticky homescript.sh" ;"chmod 755 homescript.sh" ;"chmod u+s homescript.sh" ;"chown u+sticky homescript.sh"
"Which option to the mount command will mount all filesystems that are currently available in /etc/fstab?" ;"-g" ;"-a" ;"-r" ;"-y"
"Which command is used to format a swap partition?" ;"fdisk" ;"mkswap" ;"formatswap" ;"format -s"
"Which command and option is used to display the number of times that a filesystem has been mounted?" ;"tune2fs -l" ;"cat /etc/fstab" ;"mount -a" ;"less /etc/fsmnt"
"Which option to xfs_metadump displays a progress indicator?" ;"-g" ;"-p" ;"-f" ;"-v"
"The system is running out of disk space within the home directory partition and quotas have not been enabled. Which command can you use to determine the directories that might contain large files?" ;"du" ;"df" ;"ls" ;"locate"
"Which file contains information about the filesystems to mount, their partitions, and the options that should be used to mount them?" ;"/etc/filesystems" ;"/etc/mounts" ;"/etc/fstab" ;"/srv/mounts"
"According to the FHS, what is the proper mount point for removable media?" ;"/etc" ;"/srv" ;"/tmp" ;"/media"
"Which file contains information on currently mounted filesystems, including their mount options?" ;"/etc/mtab" ;"/etc/fstab" ;"/tmp/files" ;"/etc/filesystems"
"Which option to umount will cause the command to attempt to remount the filesystem in read-only mode if the unmounting process fails?" ;"-o" ;"-r" ;"-f" ;"-v"
"The umask reports as 022. What is the permission that will be in effect for a newly nonexecutable created file?" ;"u+rw, g+r, w+r" ;"755" ;"022" ;"a+r"
"The locate command is reporting out-of-date information. Which command should be run in order to have the locate command update its database?" ;"locatedb -u" ;"locate -u" ;"updatedb" ;"updatelocate"
"Which shell built-in command can be used to determine what command will be run?" ;"type" ;"when" ;"find" ;"help"
"Which option to chown recursively changes the ownership?" ;"-f" ;"-R" ;"-a" ;"-m"
"Which of the following represents the correct format for the /etc/fstab file?" ;"<directory> <device> <type> <options>" ;"<device> <type> <options>" ;"<device> <type> <options> <directory> <dump> <fsck>" ;"<filesystem> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>"
"Which of the following commands is used to identify the UUID for partitions?" ;"blkid" ;"ls" ;"find" ;"cat"
"Which of the following describes the priority order for configuration files with systemd?" ;"Files in /etc/, files in /run, and then files in /lib" ;"Files in /run, files in /etc/, and then files in /lib" ;"Files in /lib, files in /run, and then files in /etc" ;"Files in /lib, files in /etc, and then files in /run"
"Which options to the fsck command will find and automatically assume that it should repair errors that it finds?" ;"-y" ;"-vy" ;"-my" ;"-xy"
"Which option to mke2fs sets the type of filesystem to be created?" ;"-F" ;"-a" ;"-t" ;"-e"
"Which of the following files is the default configuration file for the autofs automounter?" ;"/etc/autofs" ;"/etc/auto.master" ;"/etc/autofs.conf" ;"/etc/automounter.conf"
"Which of the following commands is used to create an ISO filesystem?" ;"mkiso" ;"mkfsiso" ;"mkisofs" ;"isofs-mk"
"Which option to the tune2fs command sets the maximum mount count before the system will automatically run fsck on the partition on boot?";"-b" ;"-c" ;"-C" ;"-a"
"Which option to the mount command can be used to simulate the mount process without actually mounting the filesystem?" ;"-q" ;"-v" ;"-l" ;"-f"
"When viewing /proc/mounts, you see a filesystem with the letters ro in the fourth column. To what do the letters ro refer?" ;"relative option" ;"realtime option" ;"read-only" ;"relative-only"
"Which option to dumpe2fs displays the bad blocks for a given partition?" ;"-bb" ;"-C" ;"-b" ;"-f"
"Which of the following filesystem types features copy-on-write?" ;"ext3" ;"ext4" ;"FAT" ;"Btrfs"
"Which of the following commands displays filesystem geometry for an XFS filesystem?" ;"xfsinfo" ;"xfs_info" ;"xfs -info" ;"xfs --info"
"Which of the following commands can be used to display information such as the UUID for partitions on a system?" ;"blkid" ;"blockdev" ;"devinfo" ;"uuidinfo"
"Which option to the umount command will cause it to unmount only filesystems of the specified type?" ;"-v" ;"-f" ;"-t" ;"-a"
"Which command causes unwritten data to be written to disk immediately?" ;"write" ;"wrnow" ;"connwrite" ;"sync"
"Which option to xfs_check is used to verify a filesystem that is stored in a file?" ;"-v" ;"-a" ;"-f" ;"-d"
"Which option to debugfs causes the filesystem to be opened in read-write mode rather than the default read-only?" ;"-rw" ;"-w" ;"-r" ;"-n"
"Which daemon is responsible for monitoring Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART)-compatible hard drives?" ;"smartmon" ;"smarty" ;"sartd" ;"smartd"
"When checking an ext3 filesystem, which option to the fsck.ext3 command causes it to run the check even if the filesystem is apparently marked as clean?" ;"–f" ;"-m" ;"-a" ;"-c"
"You are performing an xfsrestore. The xfsdump was executed with a block size of 4MB. Which option do you need to invoke on xfsrestore in order for it to successfully use this dump?" ;"-b 4M" ;"-g 1M" ;"-i 1M" ;"-k 1028K"
"You see the word defaults within /etc/fstab. Which options are encompassed within the defaults?" ;"ro, exec, auto" ;"rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async" ;"rw, exec, auto, nouser, async" ;"rw, exec, nouser, async, noauto, suid"
"Which of the following commands creates a btrfs subvolume?" ;"btrfs create subvolume" ;"btrfs subvolume create" ;"btrfs sv create" ;"btrfs svcreate"
"Which of the following options to xfsdump sets the maximum size for files to be included in the dump?" ;"-p" ;"-s" ;"-z" ;"-b"
"Which option to the tune2fs command sets the behavior when a filesystem error occurs?" ;"-f" ;"-d" ;"-e" ;"-k"
"The /etc filesystem has been mounted as a read-only for a recovery process. You need to mount another partition. Which option to the mount command causes it to not write to /etc/mtab?" ;"-a" ;"-m" ;"-b" ;"-n"
"Which of the following commands deactivates swap space?" ;"swapoff" ;"swap -off" ;"unmountswap" ;"uswap"
"Within the [mount] section of a systemd mount unit, which directive specifies the location for mounting the chosen filesystem?" ;"Where=" ;"Location=" ;"List=" ;"Dest="
"Which of the following commands can be used to format a FAT filesystem?" ;"mkfs.fat" ;"mkfs -f" ;"mkfs --fat" ;"mkfat"
"Which of the following commands adds a journal to an existing ext2 filesystem?" ;"tune2fs -jrn" ;"e2fs -x" ;"tune3fs" ;"tune2fs -j"
"Which of the following commands creates a snapshot of a btrfs subvolume?" ;"btrfs subvolume snapshot" ;"btrfs snapshot --create" ;"btrfs create snapshot" ;"btrfs --create"
"Which option to xfs_repair will force log zeroing even if there may be metadata within the log?" ;"-L" ;"-v" ;"-d" ;"-V"
"Which of the following commands mounts a filesystem in read-only mode?" ;"mount read-only" ;"mount --read" ;"mount -o ro" ;"mount -or"
"When you are using tune2fs to set an extended option such as stripe_width, which command-line option is needed to signify that an extended option follows?" ;"-extend" ;"-E" ;"-e" ;"-f"
"Which utility is used for formatting GPT disks?" ;"gdisk" ;"gptdisk" ;"gpdisk" ;"pgdisk"
"What is the maximum size of a partition on an MBR-formatted disk?" ;"2TB" ;"4TB" ;"2MB" ;"512TB"
"Which option to mkfs.ext4 can be used to prevent reservation of blocks for system or superuser use?" ;"-r 0" ;"-r 0b" ;"-m 0" ;"-m 0b"
"What is the default time in seconds that xfs_fsr will use to reorganize a filesystem?" ;"3600" ;"7200" ;"86400" ;"5150"
"A user who is a member of the custom admins group is attempting to read the contents of a file but is not the owner of the file. Rather than granting sudo access to this file, what is another way to grant read access, assuming that the file is currently marked with 640 permissions? Note that you should choose the most appropriate answer to fulfill the need while minimizing additional privileges." ;"Grant root access to the user." ;"Run chmod 777 on the file." ;"Use chgrp to change group ownership to admins." ;"Use chown to change the ownership of the file to the individual user."
"Which option to lsblk shows empty devices?" ;"-g" ;"-a" ;"-r" ;"-y"
"The /media/ mount point is used frequently for which types of devices?" ;"Hard drives" ;"SAN" ;"NAS" ;"USB devices"
"Which of the following commands is used to format an exFAT filesystem?" ;"mkexfat" ;"mkfat.ex" ;"mkfs.exfat" ;"mkfs2.exf"
"Which of the following commands is used for debugging an XFS-formatted filesystem?" ;"debug_xfs" ;"xfs_debug" ;"xfs_db" ;"debugxfs"
"You’re working with an ext2 filesystem and you suspect the superblock is corrupted. Which option to e2fsck enables you to specify the location of an alternate superblock?" ;"-B" ;"-s" ;"-b" ;"-o"
"Which option to df shows the numerical output in larger size increments, like MB, GB, TB, and so on rather than in bytes?" ;"-h" ;"-m" ;"-n" ;"-s"
"Assuming the use of Bash for the shell, in which file can the umask be set such that the file creation mask is set automatically on login?" ;"/etc/umask.def" ;"/etc/profile" ;"/etc/bash.d/umask" ;"/etc/bash.umask"
"You need to enable two users to edit the same file but keep their own individual changes. Another administrator suggested making a symbolic link for the file. Is a symbolic link the appropriate solution for this scenario and, if not, what is?" ;"A symbolic link is not appropriate because the users cannot keep their own changes. A copy would be a better option." ;"A symbolic link is appropriate here because each user can access the file, assuming write permissions." ;"A symbolic link is not appropriate given that the users will not have permissions on symbolic links. Linux cannot meet the scenario described." ;"A symbolic link is appropriate because symbolic links have the ability to do version control, thus enabling the scenario."
"You have deleted a user from the system and want to determine if this user still has files on the system. Which command will fulfill this scenario?" ;"locate <user>" ;"find -uid <uid>" ;"find -user <user>" ;"fileloc -user <user>"
"You need to update the locate database. Which of the following commands is used for this purpose?" ;"updatedb" ;"locatedb" ;"updlocdb" ;"locdbupd"
"Which option to lsblk shows the UUID of each filesystem?" ;"–u" ;"-f" ;"-o" ;"-a"
"Which option to mkswap checks the device for bad blocks before formatting?" ;"-b" ;"-B" ;"-c" ;"-d"
"You are examining output from ls -la and one file contains the permissions -rwSrw-r--.  To what does the S refer?" ;"Specific execute" ;"Source formatting" ;"Selective execution" ;"Sticky bit"
"You need to change file permissions to be setgid for a file called sync.sh. The file is normally permission 755. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?" ;"chmod 2775 sync.sh" ;"chmod u+s sync.sh" ;"chmod 2755 sync.sh" ;"chmod 4755 sync.sh"
"Which of the following commands finds files with a .sql extension across the entire filesystem?" ;"find . -name "*.sql"" ;"find /root -ext sql" ;"find / -name "*.sql"" ;"find / -exten ".sql"
"When working with /etc/fstab to mount by UUID, which syntax is correct as the first column in /etc/fstab, assuming a UUID denoted by <UUID>?" ;"<UUID>" ;"UUID=<UUID>" ;"ID=<UUID>" ;"GPT=<UUID>"
"Which option to du displays information on inode usage?" ;"-i" ;"-h" ;"--inodes" ;"-d"
"Which of the following find commands will look for files that are over 1GB in size?" ;"find -size +1G" ;"find -size 1GB" ;"find -fssize +1GB" ;"find -filesize +1G"
"You have a set of libraries that were installed into /usr/local/lib and would like to ensure that the libraries are also available in /usr/lib. What is the preferred way to make the libraries available in this location?" ;"Copy the libraries." ;"Create a symbolic link." ;"Move the libraries." ;"Create a script to synchronize the libraries between the two locations with rsync."