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starts update of LPIC-1

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## 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings ## 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/101/101.1/101.1_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware Description: Candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware
@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices.
Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev and dbus. Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev and dbus.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
/sys/ /sys/
/proc/ /proc/
/dev/ /dev/
@ -24,10 +27,12 @@ modprobe
lsmod lsmod
lspci lspci
lsusb lsusb
```
## 101.2 Boot the system ## 101.2 Boot the system
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/101/101.2/101.2_01/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process. Description: Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process.
@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ Awareness of Upstart.
Check boot events in the log files. Check boot events in the log files.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
dmesg dmesg
journalctl journalctl
BIOS BIOS
@ -51,10 +57,12 @@ initramfs
init init
SysVinit SysVinit
systemd systemd
```
## 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system ## 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/101/101.3/101.3_01/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to manage the SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target. It also includes awareness of Upstart as an alternative to SysVinit or systemd. Description: Candidates should be able to manage the SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target. It also includes awareness of Upstart as an alternative to SysVinit or systemd.
@ -69,6 +77,7 @@ Properly terminate processes.
Awareness of acpid. Awareness of acpid.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
/etc/inittab /etc/inittab
shutdown shutdown
init init
@ -79,13 +88,14 @@ systemctl
/etc/systemd/ /etc/systemd/
/usr/lib/systemd/ /usr/lib/systemd/
wall wall
```
# Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management # Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management
## 102.1 Design hard disk layout ## 102.1 Design hard disk layout
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.1/102.1_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system. Description: Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux system.
@ -98,6 +108,7 @@ Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements fo
Knowledge of basic features of LVM. Knowledge of basic features of LVM.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
/ (root) filesystem / (root) filesystem
/var filesystem /var filesystem
/home filesystem /home filesystem
@ -106,9 +117,12 @@ EFI System Partition (ESP)
swap space swap space
mount points mount points
partitions partitions
```
## 102.2 Install a boot manager ## 102.2 Install a boot manager
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.2/102.2_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager. Description: Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager.
@ -121,14 +135,17 @@ Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
Interact with the boot loader. Interact with the boot loader.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf
grub-install grub-install
grub-mkconfig grub-mkconfig
MBR MBR
```
## 102.3 Manage shared libraries ## 102.3 Manage shared libraries
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.3/102.3_01/)
**Weight:** 1 **Weight:** 1
Description: Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary. Description: Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable programs depend on and install them when necessary.
@ -140,14 +157,17 @@ Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
Load shared libraries. Load shared libraries.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
ldd ldd
ldconfig ldconfig
/etc/ld.so.conf /etc/ld.so.conf
LD_LIBRARY_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
```
## 102.4 Use Debian package management ## 102.4 Use Debian package management
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.4/102.4_01/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools. Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian package tools.
@ -160,15 +180,18 @@ Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrit
Awareness of apt. Awareness of apt.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
/etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
dpkg dpkg
dpkg-reconfigure dpkg-reconfigure
apt-get apt-get
apt-cache apt-cache
```
## 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management ## 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.5/102.5_01/)
Weight： 3 Weight： 3
Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM, YUM and Zypper. Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM, YUM and Zypper.
@ -181,15 +204,19 @@ Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specifi
Awareness of dnf. Awareness of dnf.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
rpm rpm
rpm2cpio rpm2cpio
/etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.conf
/etc/yum.repos.d/ /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum yum
zypper zypper
```
## 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest ## 102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/102/102.6/102.6_01/)
**Weight:** 1 **Weight:** 1
Description: Candidates should understand the implications of virtualization and cloud computing on a Linux guest system. Description: Candidates should understand the implications of virtualization and cloud computing on a Linux guest system.
@ -215,6 +242,9 @@ D-Bus machine id
## 103.1 Work on the command line ## 103.1 Work on the command line
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.1/103.1_01/)
* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.1/103.1_02/)
**Weight:** 4 **Weight:** 4
Description: Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the Bash shell. Description: Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the command line. The objective assumes the Bash shell.
@ -227,6 +257,7 @@ Use and edit command history.
Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path. Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
bash bash
echo echo
env env
@ -241,10 +272,12 @@ uname
history history
.bash_history .bash_history
Quoting Quoting
```
## 103.2 Process text streams using filters ## 103.2 Process text streams using filters
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.2/103.2_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to apply filters to text streams. Description: Candidates should be able to apply filters to text streams.
@ -254,6 +287,7 @@ Key Knowledge Areas:
Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package. Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
bzcat bzcat
cat cat
cut cut
@ -274,10 +308,13 @@ uniq
wc wc
xzcat xzcat
zcat zcat
```
## 103.3 Perform basic file management ## 103.3 Perform basic file management
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.3/103.3_01/)
* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.3/103.3_02/)
**Weight:** 4 **Weight:** 4
Description: Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories. Description: Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files and directories.
@ -292,6 +329,7 @@ Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
Usage of tar, cpio and dd. Usage of tar, cpio and dd.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
cp cp
find find
mkdir mkdir
@ -311,10 +349,13 @@ bunzip2
xz xz
unxz unxz
file globbing file globbing
```
## 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects ## 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.4/103.4_01/)
* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.4/103.4_02/)
**Weight:** 4 **Weight:** 4
Description: Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file. Description: Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command, using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to both stdout and a file.
@ -327,12 +368,16 @@ Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
Send output to both stdout and a file. Send output to both stdout and a file.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
tee tee
xargs xargs
```
## 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes ## 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.5/103.5_01/)
* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.5/103.5_02/)
**Weight:** 4 **Weight:** 4
Description: Candidates should be able to perform basic process management. Description: Candidates should be able to perform basic process management.
@ -346,6 +391,7 @@ Select and sort processes for display.
Send signals to processes. Send signals to processes.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
& &
bg bg
fg fg
@ -362,10 +408,12 @@ killall
watch watch
screen screen
tmux tmux
```
## 103.6 Modify process execution priorities ## 103.6 Modify process execution priorities
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.6/103.6_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities. Description: Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities.
@ -377,14 +425,18 @@ Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
Change the priority of a running process. Change the priority of a running process.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
nice nice
ps ps
renice renice
top top
```
## 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions ## 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.7/103.7_01/)
* [LPI Lesson 2](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.7/103.7_02/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements as well as understanding the differences between basic and extended regular expressions. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content. Description: Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several notational elements as well as understanding the differences between basic and extended regular expressions. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
@ -398,15 +450,18 @@ Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file co
Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text. Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
grep grep
egrep egrep
fgrep fgrep
sed sed
regex(7) regex(7)
```
## 103.8 Basic file editing ## 103.8 Basic file editing
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/103/103.8/103.8_01/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. It also includes awareness of other common editors and setting the default editor. Description: Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi navigation, vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. It also includes awareness of other common editors and setting the default editor.
@ -420,6 +475,7 @@ Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
Configure the standard editor. Configure the standard editor.
Terms and Utilities: Terms and Utilities:
```bash
vi vi
/, ? /, ?
h,j,k,l h,j,k,l
@ -427,12 +483,14 @@ i, o, a
d, p, y, dd, yy d, p, y, dd, yy
ZZ, :w!, :q! ZZ, :w!, :q!
EDITOR EDITOR
```
# Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard # Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
## 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems ## 104.1 Create partitions and filesystems
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.1/104.1_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions. Description: Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions.
@ -449,15 +507,18 @@ exFAT
Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes. Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
fdisk fdisk
gdisk gdisk
parted parted
mkfs mkfs
mkswap mkswap
```
## 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems ## 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.2/104.2_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem. Description: Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the extra data associated with a journaling filesystem.
@ -469,6 +530,7 @@ Monitor free space and inodes.
Repair simple filesystem problems. Repair simple filesystem problems.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
du du
df df
fsck fsck
@ -478,10 +540,12 @@ tune2fs
xfs_repair xfs_repair
xfs_fsr xfs_fsr
xfs_db xfs_db
```
## 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems ## 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.3/104.3_01/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem. Description: Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem.
@ -495,20 +559,21 @@ Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.
Awareness of systemd mount units. Awareness of systemd mount units.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
/etc/fstab /etc/fstab
/media/ /media/
mount mount
umount umount
blkid blkid
lsblk lsblk
```
## 104.4 Removed ## 104.4 Removed
## 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership ## 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.5/104.5_01/)
**Weight:** 3 **Weight:** 3
Description: Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships. Description: Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of permissions and ownerships.
@ -521,14 +586,17 @@ Know how to change the file creation mask.
Use the group field to grant file access to group members. Use the group field to grant file access to group members.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
chmod chmod
umask umask
chown chown
chgrp chgrp
```
## 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links ## 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.6/104.6_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file. Description: Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file.
@ -541,12 +609,15 @@ Copying versus linking files.
Use links to support system administration tasks. Use links to support system administration tasks.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
ln ln
ls ls
```
## 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location ## 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
* [LPI Lesson 1](https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/101-500/104/104.7/104.7_01/)
**Weight:** 2 **Weight:** 2
Description: Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications. Description: Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications.
@ -558,6 +629,7 @@ Find files and commands on a Linux system.
Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS. Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
```bash
find find
locate locate
updatedb updatedb
@ -565,3 +637,4 @@ whereis
which which
type type
/etc/updatedb.conf /etc/updatedb.conf
```

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