121 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
# Essential Linux
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## Introduction to Linux
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### Where does Linux originate from?
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* The spiritual mother of Linux is [Unix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix).
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* [POSIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX) is not an OS in itself but a **standard**.
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* Which OS's are [POSIX compliant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX#POSIX-oriented_operating_systems)
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### Who is behind this project?
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* Who is [Richard Stallmann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman)?
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* Who is [Linux Torvalds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds)?
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### What is the deal with 'GNU-slash-Linux'?
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* [GNU/Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy) controversy
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* What is a [kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system))
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* What does [GNU](https://www.gnu.org/software/) bring to the table?
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* What's the deal with [userspace and kernelspace](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/137820/whats-the-difference-of-the-userland-vs-the-kernel)?
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* [userspace](http://www.linfo.org/user_space.html)
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* [kernelspace](http://www.linfo.org/kernel_space.html)
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### Where can you *get* some Linux?
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* You probably already have a Linux computer running at [home](https://opensource.com/article/19/8/everyday-tech-runs-linux)!
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### Debian
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* [Reasons](https://www.debian.org/intro/why_debian) to choose Debian.
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* Why is Debian called [the universal operating system](https://www.reddit.com/r/debian/comments/22j0wf/so_why_debian_is_called_the_universal_operating/)?
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* [comparison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures) of CPU architectures
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* [download](https://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst) Debian
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## How to create a virtual machine
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Step by step walk-through of a VM creation in virtualbox with some notes on each step with best practice pointers.
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## Breakdown of the Debian installation
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All right, enough talking, let's get started!
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I'll install a full blown and modern graphical Debian machine and I would like you to **not** do it yourself but take **notes** on each step so you'll be able to reference your notes later **when** I ask you to install a machine yourself.
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* [step by step](https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.installation-steps.html) installation instructions
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* **don't set a root password, use `sudo` instead**
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* **stress the graphical/minimal difference**
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### Exercise
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OK, now it's up to you!
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Please install a Debian machine with the default graphical environment.
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Once installed, take some time out to explore the system.
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Which software is installed by default?
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How can you tweak the system settings such as language, keyboard, networking?
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Can you install extra software?
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## Package managers
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* what is a [package manager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_manager)
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